5.0 Separation based on Differences in the volatilities of the component in aqueous solution

1. Diethylamine and butane-1-ol: They can be separated by adding sufficient dilute ${H_2}S{O_4}$ to neutralise the base; steam distillation will remove the alcohol. The amine can be recovered by adding $NaOH$ to the residue and repeating the distillation.

2. Diethyl Ketone and Acetic Acid: The mixture is treated with sufficient dilute $NaOH$ solution to transform the acid into sodium acetate and distilling the aqueous mixture. The ketone will pass over in the steam and the non-volatile stable salt will remain in the flask. Acidification with dilutes ${H_2}S{O_4}$ liberates acetic acid which can be isolated by steam distillation or by extraction.