Maths
Set Theory
1.0 Set2.0 Representation of set
3.0 Types of set
4.0 Subsets
5.0 Theorems based on Subsets
6.0 Power set
7.0 Subsets of the Set $R$
8.0 Intervals as subsets of $R$
9.0 Universal set
10.0 Venn Diagrams and operation on sets
11.0 Laws of algebra of sets
12.0 Number of elements in sets
Logarithms and Properties
1.0 Introduction2.0 Properties of a logarithmic functions
3.0 Relation between common logarithm $\left( {{{\log }_{10}}x} \right)$ and Natural logarithm $\left( {{{\log }_e}x} \right)$
2.1 Proofs of all the above properties
2.2 System of logarithms
3.0 Sample Questions 2.1 Proofs of all the above properties
2.2 System of logarithms
4.0 Logarithmic Inequalities
Partial Fractions
1.0 Introduction2.0 Types of Partial fraction
2.1 When the denominator has non-repeated linear factors
2.2 When the denominator has repeated linear factors
2.3 When the denominator has non-repeated quadratic factors
2.4 When the denominator has repeated quadratic factors
2.2 When the denominator has repeated linear factors
2.3 When the denominator has non-repeated quadratic factors
2.4 When the denominator has repeated quadratic factors
Height and Distance
1.0 Introduction2.0 Questions
Trigonometric Functions and Identities
1.0 Trigonometric Ratios2.0 Trigonometric functions
3.0 Sign of trigonometric functions
4.0 Trigonometric Identities
5.0 Trigonometric functions of sum and difference of two angles
6.0 Transformation Formulae
7.0 Trigonometric ratios of some useful angles
Trigonometric Equations and Inequalities
1.0 Definition2.0 General Solution of Trigonometric Functions
3.0 Steps to solve trigonometric equations of the form$$a\cos \theta + b\sin \theta = c$$
4.0 Trigonometric Inequalities
5.0 Period of trigonometric function
Properties and Solution of Triangles
1.0 Sine rule2.0 Cosine Rule
3.0 Projection Formulae
4.0 Napier's Analogy-Tangent Rule
5.0 Trigonometric Functions of Half Angles
6.0 Area of triangle
7.0 $m-n$ Rule
8.0 Radius of circumcentre
9.0 Radius of Incircle
10.0 Radius of the Ex-circles
11.0 Length of Angle Bisectors, Medians and Altitudes
12.0 Distances of special points from vertices and sides of a triangle
13.0 Orthocentre and Pedal Triangle
Inverse Trigonometric Function
1.0 Introduction2.0 Inverse Trigonometric function
2.1 ${\sin ^{ - 1}}x$:
2.2 ${\cos ^{ - 1}}x$:
2.3 ${\tan ^{ - 1}}x$:
2.4 ${\text{cose}}{{\text{c}}^{ - 1}}x$:
2.5 ${\sec^{ - 1}}x$
2.6 ${\cot^{ - 1}}x$
2.7 Summary
3.0 Properties 2.2 ${\cos ^{ - 1}}x$:
2.3 ${\tan ^{ - 1}}x$:
2.4 ${\text{cose}}{{\text{c}}^{ - 1}}x$:
2.5 ${\sec^{ - 1}}x$
2.6 ${\cot^{ - 1}}x$
2.7 Summary
3.1 Property 1
3.2 Property 2
3.3 Property 3
3.4 Property 4
3.5 Property 5
3.6 Property 6
3.7 Property 7
3.8 Property 8
3.9 Property 9
3.10 Property 10
3.11 Property 11
3.12 Property 12
3.13 Property 13
3.2 Property 2
3.3 Property 3
3.4 Property 4
3.5 Property 5
3.6 Property 6
3.7 Property 7
3.8 Property 8
3.9 Property 9
3.10 Property 10
3.11 Property 11
3.12 Property 12
3.13 Property 13
Mathematical Induction
1.0 Introduction2.0 Principle of mathematical induction
Sequence and Series
1.0 Introduction2.0 Arithmetic Sequence or Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
3.0 Geometric Sequence or Geometric Progression (G.P.)
4.0 Harmonic Sequence or Harmonic Progression (H.P.)
5.0 Relation among A.M., G.M. and H.M.
6.0 $\Sigma $, Sigma Notation
7.0 Arithmetico-Geometric Series (A.G.S.)
8.0 Miscellaneous Series
Complex Numbers
1.0 Definition2.0 Algebraic operations
3.0 Conjugate of complex number
4.0 Properties of conjugate
5.0 Representation of complex number
5.1 Cartesian form (Geometric Representation)
5.2 Principal value of complex number
5.3 Properties of modulus
5.4 Trigonometric/Polar Representation
6.0 Euler's formulae 5.2 Principal value of complex number
5.3 Properties of modulus
5.4 Trigonometric/Polar Representation
7.0 Properties of Argument
8.0 De Moivre's Theorem
9.0 Square root of a complex number
10.0 The ${n^{th}}$ root of unity
11.0 Cube roots of unity
12.0 Rotation
13.0 Geometrical properties
14.0 Locus
15.0 Ptolemy's Theorem
Quadratic Equations and Expressions
1.0 Definition2.0 Relation between roots and coefficients
3.0 Nature of roots
4.0 Common roots
5.0 Graph of quadratic expression
6.0 Location of roots
Inequalities
1.0 Definition2.0 Theorems
3.0 Wavy curve method
4.0 Equations involving MOD functions
5.0 Basic properties
6.0 Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
7.0 Tchebychef's Inequality
Binomial Theorem
1.0 Binomial expression2.0 Binomial Theorem (for positive integral index)
3.0 Properties of Binomial Expansion
4.0 General term
5.0 Important Results
6.0 Middle Term
7.0 Greatest binomial coefficient
8.0 Numerically Greatest term
9.0 Properties of binomial coefficient
10.0 Use of calculus
11.0 Multinomial theorem
12.0 Binomial theorem for negative and fractional indices
Exponential and Logarithmic Series
3.0 Logarithmic Series1.0 Exponential Series
2.0 Deduction of other important series from the exponential $(e^x)$ series
Permutations and Combinations
1.0 Factorial notation2.0 Basic Principle of Counting
3.0 Permutation
4.0 Circular Permutations
5.0 Combinations
6.0 Restricted Selection
7.0 Restricted Arrangement
8.0 Greatest Term
9.0 Possible selections from $n$ distinct objects
10.0 Possible Selection from $n$ Identical Objects
11.0 Possible Selection from $n$ Objects having Distinct and Identical Objects
12.0 Total Number of Possible Divisors for a Given Natural Number
13.0 Sum of all Possible Divisors of a Natural Number
14.0 Exponent of a Prime Number in $n!$
15.0 Division and Distribution of Objects
16.0 Multinomial Theorem
Probability
1.0 Basic Definitions2.0 Basic Notations
3.0 Probability
4.0 Intersection and Union of Sets of Events
5.0 Conditional Probability
6.0 Multiplication Theorem
7.0 Independent Events
7.1 Occurrence of at least one of the independent events
7.2 Pairwise independent events
7.3 Mutually independent events
8.0 Total Probability Theorem 7.2 Pairwise independent events
7.3 Mutually independent events
9.0 Bayes' Theorem
10.0 Illustration for understanding the difference between total probability theorem and baye's theorem
11.0 Probability Distribution of Random Variables
12.0 Probability Distribution
13.0 Mean and variance of a discrete random variable
14.0 Binomial Distribution for Successive Events
15.0 Mean and variance of binomial distribution
Coordinate System and Coordinates
1.0 Definition2.0 Rectangular cartesian co-ordinate system
3.0 Polar co-ordinates of a point
4.0 Relation between cartesian co-ordinates and polar co-ordinates
5.0 Distance formulae
6.0 Section formulae
7.0 Area of triangle
8.0 Area of quadrilateral
9.0 Area of $n$- sided polygon
10.0 Centroid of a triangle
11.0 Incentre of a triangle
12.0 Excentre of a triangle
13.0 Circumcentre of a triangle
14.0 Orthocentre of a triangle
15.0 Locus
16.0 Shifting of origin
17.0 Rotation of axes
Straight Lines
1.0 Definition2.0 Condition of collinearity of three points
3.0 Equation of a straight line in various forms
3.1 Point-slope form
3.2 Slope-Intercept form
3.3 Two point form
3.4 Determinant form
3.5 Intercept form
3.6 Normal form
3.7 Parametric form
4.0 Angle between two lines 3.2 Slope-Intercept form
3.3 Two point form
3.4 Determinant form
3.5 Intercept form
3.6 Normal form
3.7 Parametric form
5.0 Length of perpendicular from a point to a line
6.0 Foot of perpendicular from a point to a line
7.0 Reflection of a point about a line
7.1 Reflection with respect to $X-$axis
7.2 Reflection with respect to $Y-$axis
7.3 Reflection with respect to Origin
7.4 Reflection with respect to the line $x=a$
7.5 Reflection with respect to the line $y=b$
7.6 Reflection with respect to the line $y=x$
8.0 Equation of angle bisector 7.2 Reflection with respect to $Y-$axis
7.3 Reflection with respect to Origin
7.4 Reflection with respect to the line $x=a$
7.5 Reflection with respect to the line $y=b$
7.6 Reflection with respect to the line $y=x$
9.0 Bisector of angle containing origin
10.0 Bisector of angle containing a given point
11.0 Family of straight lines
Pair of Straight Lines
1.0 Definition2.0 Angle between the pair of straight lines
3.0 Bisector of angle between the lines
4.0 General equation of second degree
5.0 Angle between the lines represented by general equation
6.0 Pair of bisectors of lines represented by general equation
7.0 Point of intersection of lines
8.0 Homogenization
Circles
1.0 Definition2.0 Equation of circle in various forms
2.1 Central Form
2.2 Standard Form
2.3 Parametric Form
2.4 General form of circle
2.4.1 Application of general form of circle
2.5 Diametric form of circle
3.0 Intercepts made by a circle on coordinate axis 2.2 Standard Form
2.3 Parametric Form
2.4 General form of circle
2.4.1 Application of general form of circle
2.5 Diametric form of circle
4.0 Position of a point with respect to a circle
5.0 Maximum and minimum distance of a point from a circle
6.0 Intersection of a line and a circle
7.0 Length of intercept cutoff from a line by a circle or length of chord of a circle
8.0 Equation of tangent to a circle
8.1 Slope form
8.2 Point form
8.3 If a point outside the circle is given through which tangent to a circle passes, then
8.4 Parametric form
9.0 Tangents from a point to the circle 8.2 Point form
8.3 If a point outside the circle is given through which tangent to a circle passes, then
8.4 Parametric form
10.0 Length of tangent from a point to a circle
11.0 Common Tangents
12.0 Equation of common tangents
13.0 Pair of tangents
14.0 Normal to a circle at a given point
15.0 Common chord of two circles
16.0 Equation of chord joining two points on circle
17.0 Equation of chord of circle whose midpoint is given
18.0 Chord of contact
19.0 Orthogonal Circles
20.0 Director Circle
21.0 Family of circles
Parabola
1.0 Conic Section2.0 Parabola
3.0 Standard equation of Parabola
4.0 Focal distance of a point
5.0 General equation of Parabola
6.0 The generalized form of parabola: ${\left( {y - k} \right)^2} = 4a\left( {x - h} \right)$
7.0 Parametric Co-ordinates
7.1 Parametric relation between the coordinates of the ends of a focal chord of parabola
7.2 Important Results
8.0 Equation of tangent to a parabola 7.2 Important Results
9.0 Point of intersection of tangents at any two points on the parabola
10.0 Equation of normal to the parabola
10.1 Point form
10.2 Slope form
10.3 Parametric form
10.4 To find the number of normal drawn from a point to a parabola (CONCEPT THROUGH QUESTIONS):
10.5 Point of intersection of normal at any two points on the parabola
11.0 Relation between parametric coefficients if normal meets parabola 10.2 Slope form
10.3 Parametric form
10.4 To find the number of normal drawn from a point to a parabola (CONCEPT THROUGH QUESTIONS):
10.5 Point of intersection of normal at any two points on the parabola
12.0 Important relations
13.0 Circle through co-normal points
14.0 Chord of contact
Ellipse
1.0 Definition2.0 Standard equation of Ellipse
3.0 Important terms
4.0 Difference between two forms of Ellipse
5.0 Focal Distance of a point
6.0 Parametric Co-ordinates
7.0 Equation of Tangent to Ellipse
7.1 Equation of tangent to a point/Point form
7.2 Parametric form
7.3 Equation of tangent in terms of slope/Slope form
8.0 Equation of Normal to Ellipse 7.2 Parametric form
7.3 Equation of tangent in terms of slope/Slope form
9.0 Pair of tangents
10.0 Chord of contact
11.0 Chord bisected at a given point
12.0 Director circle
Hyperbola
1.0 Definition2.0 Standard Equation of Hyperbola
3.0 Difference between two forms of Hyperbola
4.0 Parametric Co-ordinates
5.0 Equation of tangent to Hyperbola
6.0 Equation of normal to Hyperbola
7.0 Pair of tangents
8.0 Chord of contact
9.0 Chord bisected at a given point
10.0 Asymptotes
11.0 Rectangular Hyperbola
Functions
1.0 Definitions2.0 Relation
3.0 Types of Relation
4.0 Functions
5.0 Standard Real Functions and their Graphical Representation
5.10 Reciprocal Function
5.1 Constant Function
5.2 Identity Function
5.3 Modulus Function
5.4 Greatest Integer Function or Floor Function
5.5 Smallest Integer Function or Ceiling Function
5.6 Fractional Part Function
5.7 Signum Function
5.8 Exponential Function
5.9 Logarithmic Function
5.11 Square Root or Radical Function
5.12 Square Function
5.13 Cube Function
5.14 Cube Root Function
6.0 Operations on Real Functions 5.1 Constant Function
5.2 Identity Function
5.3 Modulus Function
5.4 Greatest Integer Function or Floor Function
5.5 Smallest Integer Function or Ceiling Function
5.6 Fractional Part Function
5.7 Signum Function
5.8 Exponential Function
5.9 Logarithmic Function
5.11 Square Root or Radical Function
5.12 Square Function
5.13 Cube Function
5.14 Cube Root Function
7.0 Types of Functions
8.0 Composition of a Function
9.0 Inverse of a Function
Matrices and Determinants
1.0 Introduction2.0 Algebra of Matrices
3.0 Special Matrices
3.1 (a) Symmetric Matrix:
3.2 (b) Skew Symmetric Matrix:
3.3 (c) Hermitian matrix:
3.4 (d) Skew Hermitian Matrix:
3.5 (e) Singular and Non-singular Matrices:
3.6 (f) Orthogonal Matrix :
3.7 (g) Idempotent Matrix :
3.8 (h) Unitary Matrix :
3.9 (i) Involuntary Matrix:
3.10 (j) Nilpotent Matrix:
4.0 Determinant of a square matrix 3.2 (b) Skew Symmetric Matrix:
3.3 (c) Hermitian matrix:
3.4 (d) Skew Hermitian Matrix:
3.5 (e) Singular and Non-singular Matrices:
3.6 (f) Orthogonal Matrix :
3.7 (g) Idempotent Matrix :
3.8 (h) Unitary Matrix :
3.9 (i) Involuntary Matrix:
3.10 (j) Nilpotent Matrix:
5.0 Adjoint of a square Matrix
6.0 Inverse of a Matrix
7.0 Types of Equations Homogenous & Non-Homogenous
8.0 Cramer's rule
9.0 Types of Linear Equations
Limits
1.0 Introduction1.1 Basic Method of Evaluation of Limits:
1.2 Questions
1.3 Formal definition of Limit:
1.4 Evaluation of Limits by Direct Substitution Method:
1.5 Neighbourhood Concept:
2.0 Definition of Limit - In a different form: 1.2 Questions
1.3 Formal definition of Limit:
1.4 Evaluation of Limits by Direct Substitution Method:
1.5 Neighbourhood Concept:
2.1 One - Sided Limits:
2.2 Left hand Limit of a function:(LHL)
2.3 Right hand Limit of a function:(RHL)
3.0 Conditions for existence of Limit 2.2 Left hand Limit of a function:(LHL)
2.3 Right hand Limit of a function:(RHL)
4.0 Some Standard Limits
5.0 Algebra of limits
6.0 Some Standard Methods of Evaluation of Limits:
7.0 Indeterminate Forms:
7.1 Limits of the form ${1^\infty }$
7.2 Limits of the form ${0^0}$
7.3 Limits of the form ${\infty^0}$
7.4 Limit of a function as $x \to \infty $ :
8.0 Sandwich Theorem / Squeeze Play Theorem: 7.2 Limits of the form ${0^0}$
7.3 Limits of the form ${\infty^0}$
7.4 Limit of a function as $x \to \infty $ :
9.0 L'Hospital's Rule for evaluation of limits:
Continuity and Differentiability
1.0 Continuous Function2.0 Algebra of continuous functions
3.0 Differentiability
Differentiation
1.0 Differentiation2.0 Some Basic Differentiation formulae
3.0 Properties of Differentiation
4.0 Derivative of Common Functions
4.1 Derivative of Trigonometric functions
4.2 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric functions
4.3 Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Function
4.4 Derivative Of Hyperbolic function
4.5 Questions related to derivation of common functions
5.0 Explicit and Implicit form: 4.2 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric functions
4.3 Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Function
4.4 Derivative Of Hyperbolic function
4.5 Questions related to derivation of common functions
6.0 Parametric Differentiation
7.0 Differentiation of one function w.r.t other
8.0 Matrix Differentiation
9.0 Logarathimic Differentiation
10.0 Differentiation using substitution
Derivative as a Rate Measure, Tangents and Normals
1.0 Derivative as a rate of change2.0 Tangent and Normal
3.0 Equation of Tangent
4.0 Equation of Normal
5.0 Length of tangent, subtangent, normal and subnormal
6.0 Angle of intersection of two curves
Monotonicity, Maxima and Minima
1.0 Rolle's Theorem2.0 Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem
3.0 Monotonicity of a function
4.0 Finding intervals of increasing and decreasing functions
5.0 Proving inequality using monotonicity
6.0 Maxima and Minima
7.0 First Derivative Test
8.0 Second Derivative Test
9.0 Absolute Maxima and Absolute Minima
10.0 Maxima and Minima of Discontinuous functions
Indefinite Integrals
1.0 Introduction2.0 Methods of Integration
3.0 Integration by parts
4.0 Integral of the type $\int {{e^x}\left\{ {f(x) + f'(x)} \right\}dx} $
5.0 Integral of the type $\int {\frac{{dx}}{{a{x^2} + bx + c}},\int {\frac{{dx}}{{\sqrt {a{x^2} + bx + c} }},\int {\sqrt {a{x^2} + bx + c} } dx} } $
6.0 Integral of the type $\int {\frac{{px + q}}{{a{x^2} + bx + c}}dx,} \int {\frac{{px + q}}{{\sqrt {a{x^2} + bx + c} }}dx,} \int {(px + q)} \sqrt {a{x^2} + bx + c} dx$
7.0 Integral of the type $\int {\frac{{a{x^2} + bx + c}}{{(p{x^2} + qx + r)}}dx,\int {\frac{{a{x^2} + bx + c}}{{\sqrt {p{x^2} + qx + r} }}dx} } ,\int {(a{x^2} + bx + c)} \sqrt {p{x^2} + qx + r} dx$
8.0 Integration using partial fractions
8.1 Type A: Linear and non-repeating
8.2 Type B: Linear and repeating
8.3 Type C: Quadratic and non-repeating
8.4 Type D: Quadratic and repeating
9.0 Integration of trigonometric functions 8.2 Type B: Linear and repeating
8.3 Type C: Quadratic and non-repeating
8.4 Type D: Quadratic and repeating
10.0 Integral of type $\int {({{\sin }^m}x}$${\cos ^n}x)dx$
11. Integral of type $\int {\frac{{{x^2} \pm 1}}{{{x^4} + k{x^2} + 1}}dx} $
12. Integration of irrational algebraic functions
13.0 Integral of type $\int {{x^m}{{\left( {a + b{x^n}} \right)}^p}dx} $
14.0 Reduction formulae
Definite Integrals
1.0 Theoretical Meaning2.0 Geometrical Meaning
3.0 Fundamental Theorems
4.0 Evaluation By Substitution
5.0 Definite Integral as the Limit of Sum
6.0 Summation of Series Using Definite Integral
7.0 Properties of Definite Integrals
8.0 Integral Inequality
9.0 Walli's Formula
10.0 Problems on Integral Functions
11.0 Newton-Leibnitz Rule
12.0 Reduction Formula
13.0 Gamma and Beta Functions
14.0 Important Results
Area of Bounded Regions
1.0 Area Under a Curve2.0 Working Rule for finding the Area
3.0 Area between the Curves
4.0 Important Concept
Differential Equations
1.0 Introduction2.0 Methods to find the solution of first order and first degree differential equation
2.1 Variable separable method
2.2 Equations reducible to variable separable form
2.3 Homogeneous differential equation
2.4 Equations reducible to homogeneous form
2.5 Exact differential equation
2.6 Equations reducible to exact form
2.7 Linear differential equation
2.8 Equations reducible to linear form
3.0 Differential equation of first order and higher degrees 2.2 Equations reducible to variable separable form
2.3 Homogeneous differential equation
2.4 Equations reducible to homogeneous form
2.5 Exact differential equation
2.6 Equations reducible to exact form
2.7 Linear differential equation
2.8 Equations reducible to linear form
4.0 Orthogonal trajectory
Vectors
1.0 Introduction2.0 Types of Vectors
3.0 Addition of Vectors
4.0 Components of a Vector
5.0 Vector Joining Two Points
6.0 Projection of a Vector on a Line
7.0 Section Formula
8.0 Products of a Vector
9.0 Lami's Theorem
10.0 Linear Combination of Vectors
11.0 Linearly Dependent and Independent Vectors
12.0 Scalar Triple Product
13.0 Vector Triple Product
Three Dimensional Coordinate System
1.0 Introduction2.0 Equation of a line in space
2.1 Vectorial form of a line passing through a given point and parallel to a given vector
2.2 Vectorial form of a line passing through two given points
2.3 Cartesian form of a line passing through a given point and parallel to a given vector
2.4 Cartesian form of a line passing through two given points
3.0 Distance and Angle between lines and points. 2.2 Vectorial form of a line passing through two given points
2.3 Cartesian form of a line passing through a given point and parallel to a given vector
2.4 Cartesian form of a line passing through two given points
3.1 Condition for perpendicularity
3.2 Condition for parallelism
3.3 Co-planarity of two lines
3.4 Shortest distance between two lines
3.5 Distance between two skew lines
3.6 Distance between parallel lines
3.7 Perpendicular distance of a point from a line
3.8 Image of a point in a straight line
4.0 Plane 3.2 Condition for parallelism
3.3 Co-planarity of two lines
3.4 Shortest distance between two lines
3.5 Distance between two skew lines
3.6 Distance between parallel lines
3.7 Perpendicular distance of a point from a line
3.8 Image of a point in a straight line
4.1 Equation of plane in normal form
4.2 Equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector and passing through a given point
4.3 Equation of plane passing through a given point and parallel to the two given vectors
4.4 Equation of plane passing through three non-collinear points
4.5 Intercept form of plane
4.6 Equation of plane passing through the intersection of two given planes
5.0 Relation between Plane, Line and Point. 4.2 Equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector and passing through a given point
4.3 Equation of plane passing through a given point and parallel to the two given vectors
4.4 Equation of plane passing through three non-collinear points
4.5 Intercept form of plane
4.6 Equation of plane passing through the intersection of two given planes
5.1 Angle between two planes
5.2 Angle between a line and a plane
5.3 Distance of a point from a plane
5.4 Distance between two parallel planes
6.0 Intersection of a line and a plane 5.2 Angle between a line and a plane
5.3 Distance of a point from a plane
5.4 Distance between two parallel planes
7.0 Image of a point in a plane
Physics
Basic Mathematics and Measurements
1.0 Introduction2.0 Trigonometry
2.1 Values of trigonometric angles
2.2 Trigonometric identities
2.3 Trigonometric functions in different quadrants
3.0 Basic logarithmic functions 2.2 Trigonometric identities
2.3 Trigonometric functions in different quadrants
4.0 Differentiation
4.1 Derivatives of some simple functions
4.2 Rules of differentiation
4.3 Application of differentiation
4.4 Solved examples of differentiation
5.0 Integration 4.2 Rules of differentiation
4.3 Application of differentiation
4.4 Solved examples of differentiation
6.0 Graphs
6.1 Straight line
6.2 Circle
6.3 Ellipse
6.4 Parabola
6.5 Rectangular hyperbola
6.6 Exponential function
6.7 Logarithmic functions
7.0 Significant Figures 6.2 Circle
6.3 Ellipse
6.4 Parabola
6.5 Rectangular hyperbola
6.6 Exponential function
6.7 Logarithmic functions
7.1 Rules to determine the significant figures
7.2 Rules for arthimetic operation with significant figures
8.0 Rounding off 7.2 Rules for arthimetic operation with significant figures
9.0 Errors
9.1 Systematic error
9.2 Random errors
9.3 Least count error
9.4 Absolute error
9.5 Mean absolute error
9.6 Relative error or fractional error
9.7 Percentage error
10.0 Combination of errors 9.2 Random errors
9.3 Least count error
9.4 Absolute error
9.5 Mean absolute error
9.6 Relative error or fractional error
9.7 Percentage error
10.1 Addition of errors
10.2 Subtraction of errors
10.3 Multiplication of errors
10.4 Division of errors
10.5 Power
11.0 Length Measuring Instruments 10.2 Subtraction of errors
10.3 Multiplication of errors
10.4 Division of errors
10.5 Power
11.1 Vernier Callipers
11.2 Zero error of vernier calliper
11.3 Vernier calliper solved examples
11.4 Screw Gauge
11.5 Zero error of screw gauge
11.6 Screw gauge solved examples
12.0 Questions 11.2 Zero error of vernier calliper
11.3 Vernier calliper solved examples
11.4 Screw Gauge
11.5 Zero error of screw gauge
11.6 Screw gauge solved examples
Unit and Dimensions
1.0 Introduction2.0 Physical quantity
3.0 SI units
3.1 Definition of standard units
3.2 System of units
3.3 Rules for writing units
3.4 Characteristics of a standard unit
3.5 Advantages of SI
4.0 SI prefixes 3.2 System of units
3.3 Rules for writing units
3.4 Characteristics of a standard unit
3.5 Advantages of SI
5.0 Conversion of units
6.0 Important practical units
7.0 Dimensions
8.0 Dimensional formula
9.0 Dimensional equation
10.0 List of dimensional formula
11.0 Application of dimensional analysis
11.1 To check the dimensional consistency of equations
11.2 To deduce relation among the physical quantities
11.3 To convert one system of unit into another system of unit
12.0 Limitations of dimensional analysis 11.2 To deduce relation among the physical quantities
11.3 To convert one system of unit into another system of unit
Basic Vectors
1.0 Introduction2.0 Representation of vector
3.0 Basic definition related with vectors
3.1 Unit vector
3.2 Negative of a vector
3.3 Modulus of a vector
3.4 Multiplication and division of vectors by scalars
4.0 Types of vectors 3.2 Negative of a vector
3.3 Modulus of a vector
3.4 Multiplication and division of vectors by scalars
4.1 Equal vectors
4.2 Parallel vectors
4.3 Anti-parallel vectors
4.4 Collinear vectors
4.5 Coplanar vectors
4.6 Zero or null vectors
5.0 Angle between the vectors 4.2 Parallel vectors
4.3 Anti-parallel vectors
4.4 Collinear vectors
4.5 Coplanar vectors
4.6 Zero or null vectors
6.0 Addition of vectors
6.1 Triangle law of vector addition
6.2 Parallelogram law of vector addition
6.3 Relation between triangle and parallelogram law of vector addition
7.0 Subtraction of vectors 6.2 Parallelogram law of vector addition
6.3 Relation between triangle and parallelogram law of vector addition
8.0 Cartesian co-ordinate system
8.1 Unit vector in cartesian co-ordinate system
8.2 Position vector of a point
8.3 Displacement vector
9.0 Resolving vector into its components 8.2 Position vector of a point
8.3 Displacement vector
10.0 Dot product of two vectors
10.1 Properties of dot product
10.2 Condition when two vectors are perpendicular
10.3 Angle between two vectors
10.4 Geometrical meaning of scalar product
10.5 Application of dot product
11.0 Cross product of two vectors 10.2 Condition when two vectors are perpendicular
10.3 Angle between two vectors
10.4 Geometrical meaning of scalar product
10.5 Application of dot product
Motion in One Dimension
1.0 Introduction2.0 Kinematic variables
2.1 Distance and displacement
2.2 Average speed and velocity
2.3 Instantaneous speed and velocity
2.4 Average and instantaneous acceleration
3.0 Motion in one dimension 2.2 Average speed and velocity
2.3 Instantaneous speed and velocity
2.4 Average and instantaneous acceleration
3.1 Motion in a straight line with uniform velocity
3.2 Motion in a straight line with uniform acceleration
3.3 Motion in a straight line with non-uniform acceleration
4.0 Derivation of the kinematics equation 3.2 Motion in a straight line with uniform acceleration
3.3 Motion in a straight line with non-uniform acceleration
5.0 Vertical motion under gravity
5.1 Basic terminologies for motion under gravity
5.2 Detailed concept of motion under gravity
5.3 Solved examples
6.0 Analysis of motion through graph 5.2 Detailed concept of motion under gravity
5.3 Solved examples
6.1 Displacement - time graph
6.2 Velocity - time graph
6.3 Area under the graph
6.4 Solved examples
7.0 Relative motion 6.2 Velocity - time graph
6.3 Area under the graph
6.4 Solved examples
7.1 Relative displacement
7.2 Relative velocity
7.3 Relative acceleration
7.4 Illustration of relative motion
7.5 Application of relative motion
8.0 Simultaneous motion of two bodies 7.2 Relative velocity
7.3 Relative acceleration
7.4 Illustration of relative motion
7.5 Application of relative motion
9.0 River boat problem
9.1 Downstream
9.2 Upstream
9.3 Crosses the river in shortest interval of time
9.4 Reaches the point just opposite from where he started
9.5 River-man problem
9.6 Solved examples
10.0 Aircraft-wind problem 9.2 Upstream
9.3 Crosses the river in shortest interval of time
9.4 Reaches the point just opposite from where he started
9.5 River-man problem
9.6 Solved examples
11.0 Rain problem
Motion in Two Dimension
1.0 Introduction2.0 Projectile motion
3.0 Ground to ground projectile motion
3.1 Maximum height
3.2 Time of flight
3.3 Range
3.4 Trajectory of a projectile
3.5 Summary
3.6 Solved Examples
4.0 Projectile thrown parallel to the horizontal 3.2 Time of flight
3.3 Range
3.4 Trajectory of a projectile
3.5 Summary
3.6 Solved Examples
5.0 Projectile on an inclined plane
6.0 Relative motion between two projectiles
Laws of Motion
1.0 Newton's first law of motion2.0 Newton's second law of motion
3.0 Newton's third law of motion
4.0 Force
5.0 Normal Force
6.0 Gravitional Force
7.0 Tension Force
8.0 Pseudo force
9.0 Friction
10.0 Centripetal force
Circular Motion
1.0 Introduction1.1 Angular Variables
1.2 Kinematic equation for circular motion
1.3 Relation between angular and linear variables
1.4 Unit vectors along the radius and tangent
1.5 Velocity and acceleration of particle in circular motion
2.0 Dynamics of circular motion 1.2 Kinematic equation for circular motion
1.3 Relation between angular and linear variables
1.4 Unit vectors along the radius and tangent
1.5 Velocity and acceleration of particle in circular motion
3.0 Motion in a vertical circle
4.0 Rigid body rotating in a vertical circle
5.0 Circular turning of roads
6.0 Conical Pendulum
7.0 Death well
8.0 Rotor
9.0 Bending of a cyclist or motorcyclist while taking turn
10.0 Centrifugal force
Centre of Mass and Conservation of Linear Momentum
1.0 Introduction2.0 Position of centre of mass of continuous bodies
2.1 Rod
2.2 Semicircular ring
2.3 Semicircular disc
2.4 Solid sphere
2.5 Hemispherical Shell
2.6 Rectangular Plate
2.7 Square Plate
2.8 Circular Plate
2.9 Solid Cone
2.10 Hollow Cone
2.11 Questions
2.12 Centre of mass of a rigid complex bodies
3.0 Centre of mass of the remaining portion 2.2 Semicircular ring
2.3 Semicircular disc
2.4 Solid sphere
2.5 Hemispherical Shell
2.6 Rectangular Plate
2.7 Square Plate
2.8 Circular Plate
2.9 Solid Cone
2.10 Hollow Cone
2.11 Questions
2.12 Centre of mass of a rigid complex bodies
4.0 Laws of conservation of linear momentum
5.0 Variable Mass
6.0 Impulse
7.0 Collision
8.0 Types of collision
9.0 Newton's law of restitution
10.0 Head on elastic and inelastic collision
11.0 Collision in two dimension
12.0 Oblique collision
Work Energy and Power
1.0 Introduction2.0 Work done by a constant force
3.0 Spring Force
4.0 Conservative & Non-conservative forces
5.0 Kinetic Energy $(K)$
6.0 Potential energy $\left( {\Delta U} \right)$
6.1 Potential energy $\left( {\Delta U} \right)$ is negative of the work done by conservative forces.
6.2 Types of potential energy
6.3 Law of conservation of mechanical energy
7.0 Work energy theorem 6.2 Types of potential energy
6.3 Law of conservation of mechanical energy
8.0 Power
9.0 Types of equilibrium
10.0 Work done by a distributed mass
Basics of Rotational Motion
1.0 Rigid body2.0 Motion of rigid body
3.0 Kinematics of a plane motion
3.1 Angular velocity $\omega $
3.2 Angular acceleration $\left( \alpha \right)$
3.3 Kinematics equation for rotational motion
3.4 Analogy between translational motion & rotational motion
4.0 Moment of inertia 3.2 Angular acceleration $\left( \alpha \right)$
3.3 Kinematics equation for rotational motion
3.4 Analogy between translational motion & rotational motion
5.0 Radius of gyration $(K)$
6.0 Theorems of moment of inertia
7.0 Moment of inertia of uniform continious rigid bodies
7.1 Thin rod
7.2 Rectangular lamina
7.3 Circular ring
7.4 Circular disc
7.5 Solid cylinder
7.6 Cylindrical shell
7.7 Solid sphere
7.8 Hollow sphere
7.9 Spherical shell
7.10 Solid cone
7.11 Hollow cone
7.12 Hollow hemisphere
7.13 Parallelopiped
7.14 List of moment of inertia $(I)$ and radius of gyration $(K)$ of different bodies
7.2 Rectangular lamina
7.3 Circular ring
7.4 Circular disc
7.5 Solid cylinder
7.6 Cylindrical shell
7.7 Solid sphere
7.8 Hollow sphere
7.9 Spherical shell
7.10 Solid cone
7.11 Hollow cone
7.12 Hollow hemisphere
7.13 Parallelopiped
7.14 List of moment of inertia $(I)$ and radius of gyration $(K)$ of different bodies
Rotational Dynamics
1.0 Introduction1.1 Torque or moment of a force
1.2 Relation between torque and moment of inertia
1.3 Pseudo torque
1.4 Torque equation
1.5 Principal of moments
2.0 Angular momentum or moment of a momentum 1.2 Relation between torque and moment of inertia
1.3 Pseudo torque
1.4 Torque equation
1.5 Principal of moments
3.0 Relation between torque and angular momentum
4.0 Combined translational and rotational motion of a rigid body
5.0 Rotational kinetic energy
6.0 Uniform pure rolling
7.0 Accelerated pure rolling
8.0 Instantaneous axis of rotation
9.0 Toppling
Gravitation
1.0 Newton's law of gravitation1.1 Characteristics of gravitational force
1.2 Universal gravitational constant
1.3 Principle of superposition of gravitation
1.4 Gravity
1.5 Acceleration due to gravity
1.6 Relation between $g$ and $G$
2.0 Variation of acceleration due to gravity 1.2 Universal gravitational constant
1.3 Principle of superposition of gravitation
1.4 Gravity
1.5 Acceleration due to gravity
1.6 Relation between $g$ and $G$
2.1 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to shape of the earth
2.2 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to altitude
2.3 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to depth
2.4 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to rotation of earth
3.0 Gravitational field 2.2 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to altitude
2.3 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to depth
2.4 Variation of acceleration due to gravity $(g)$ due to rotation of earth
3.1 Gravitational field due to a point mass
3.2 Gravitational field due to a uniform solid sphere
3.3 Gravitational field due to a uniform spherical shell
3.4 Gravitatioal field due to a uniform circular ring at a point on its axis
4.0 Gravitational potential 3.2 Gravitational field due to a uniform solid sphere
3.3 Gravitational field due to a uniform spherical shell
3.4 Gravitatioal field due to a uniform circular ring at a point on its axis
4.1 Gravitational potential due to a point mass
4.2 Gravitational potential due to a uniform solid sphere
4.3 Gravitational potential due to a uniform thin spherical shell
4.4 Gravitational potential due to a uniform ring at a point on its centre
4.5 Relation between gravitational field and gravitational potential
5.0 Gravitational potential energy 4.2 Gravitational potential due to a uniform solid sphere
4.3 Gravitational potential due to a uniform thin spherical shell
4.4 Gravitational potential due to a uniform ring at a point on its centre
4.5 Relation between gravitational field and gravitational potential
5.1 Gravitational potential energy for a system of particles
5.2 Gravitational potential energy of a body on earth's surface
6.0 Satellites 5.2 Gravitational potential energy of a body on earth's surface
6.1 Orbital speed of satellite
6.2 Time period of a satellite
6.3 Angular momentum of a satellite
6.4 Energy of a satellite
6.5 Types of satellite
6.6 Binding energy
6.7 Escape velocity
6.8 Weightlessness
7.0 Kepler's law of planetary motion 6.2 Time period of a satellite
6.3 Angular momentum of a satellite
6.4 Energy of a satellite
6.5 Types of satellite
6.6 Binding energy
6.7 Escape velocity
6.8 Weightlessness
8.0 Problem solving technique
Simple Harmonic Motion
1.0 Types of Motion2.0 Causes of Oscillation
3.0 Solution of the Equation of SHM
4.0 Kinematics of SHM equation i.e., $x = A\sin \left( {\omega t + \phi } \right)$
5.0 Relation between Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
6.0 Sign Convention of a Simple Harmonic Motion
7.0 How to Write the Simple Harmonic Motion Equation
8.0 Force and Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
9.0 Basic Differential Equation of SHM
10.0 Method for Calculating Time Period of a Simple Harmonic Motion
10.1 Restoring Force or Torque Method
10.2 Energy Method
10.3 Important points
10.4 Concept of Pseudo Force
11.0 Spring Block System 10.2 Energy Method
10.3 Important points
10.4 Concept of Pseudo Force
12.0 Physical Pendulum
13.0 Vector Method of Combining Two or More Simple Harmonic Motions
14.0 Simple Harmonic Oscillation of a Fluid Column
Elasticity
1.0 Basic Definitions2.0 Stress
3.0 Strain
4.0 Hooke’s Law and Modulus of Elasticity
5.0 Types of Modulus of Elasticity
6.0 Elongation of Rod Under its Self Weight
7.0 Bulk Modulus of Elasticity
8.0 Modulus of Rigidity
9.0 The Stress – Strain Curve
10.0 Analogy of Rod as a Spring
11.0 Potential Energy in a Stretched Wire
12.0 Thermal Stress & Strains
13.0 Poisson’s Ratio
14.0 Relation Between $Y$, $B$, $\eta$ and $\sigma$
Fluid Mechanics
1.0 Introduction1.1 Ideal liquid
1.2 Density of a liquid $\left( \rho \right)$
1.3 Relative density of a liquid $(RD)$
1.4 Density of a mixture of two or more liquid
1.5 Density variation with temperature
1.6 Density variation with pressure
2.0 Fluid pressure 1.2 Density of a liquid $\left( \rho \right)$
1.3 Relative density of a liquid $(RD)$
1.4 Density of a mixture of two or more liquid
1.5 Density variation with temperature
1.6 Density variation with pressure
2.1 Atmospheric pressure
2.2 Pressure variation with depth
2.3 Measurement of pressure
2.4 Pressure difference in accelerating fluids
3.0 Pascal's law 2.2 Pressure variation with depth
2.3 Measurement of pressure
2.4 Pressure difference in accelerating fluids
4.0 Buoyant force
5.0 Flow of fluids
6.0 Viscosity
7.0 Stoke's law
8.0 Intermolecular forces
9.0 Angle of contact
Motion of Waves
1.0 Introduction2.0 Mechanical waves
2.1 Transverse waves
2.2 Longitudinal waves
2.3 Differences between transverse and longitudinal waves
3.0 Properties of wave motion 2.2 Longitudinal waves
2.3 Differences between transverse and longitudinal waves
3.1 General equation of wave motion
3.2 Wave function
3.3 Equation of a plane progressive harmonic wave
3.4 Important relations
4.0 Speed of a transverse wave on a string 3.2 Wave function
3.3 Equation of a plane progressive harmonic wave
3.4 Important relations
5.0 Energy associated with a wave
6.0 Questions
Superposition of Waves
1.0 Introduction2.0 Interference of Waves
2.1 Relation between phase difference $\left( \phi \right)$ and path difference $\left( {\Delta x} \right)$
2.2 Interference of waves from coherent sources
2.3 Interference of waves from incoherent sources
2.4 Reflection and transmission of a wave
2.5 Motion of wave during reflection
2.6 Expression for the reflection and transmission of wave
3.0 Standing or Stationary Wave 2.2 Interference of waves from coherent sources
2.3 Interference of waves from incoherent sources
2.4 Reflection and transmission of a wave
2.5 Motion of wave during reflection
2.6 Expression for the reflection and transmission of wave
3.1 Transverse stationary wave on a stretched string
3.2 Vibrations in a stretched string
3.3 Melde's Experient
3.4 Resonance
4.0 Longitudinal stationary wave in an organ pipe 3.2 Vibrations in a stretched string
3.3 Melde's Experient
3.4 Resonance
4.1 Open organ pipe
4.2 Closed organ pipe
4.3 End correction
4.4 Resonance tube
4.5 Energy in a stationary wave
5.0 Beats 4.2 Closed organ pipe
4.3 End correction
4.4 Resonance tube
4.5 Energy in a stationary wave
6.0 Questions
Sound Waves
1.0 Introduction2.0 Displacement and pressure Waves
2.1 Relation between displacement wave and pressure wave
2.2 Relation between pressure wave and density wave
3.0 Speed of a longitudinal Wave 2.2 Relation between pressure wave and density wave
4.0 Doppler's Effect
5.0 Application of doppler's effect in different situations
6.0 Doppler's effect in two dimension
6.1 When Medium is at rest while source and observer is moving
6.2 When the medium also moves with source and observer
6.4 Questions
7.0 Characteristic of Sound waves 6.2 When the medium also moves with source and observer
6.4 Questions
Thermometry and Thermal Expansion
1.0 Introduction2.0 Thermal Expansions and it's types
3.0 Relation between $\alpha ,\,\beta \,$ and $\gamma $
4.0 Variation of Density with Temperature
5.0 The Expansion of Water
6.0 Questions
Kinetic Theory of Gases
1.0 Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases2.0 Ideal Gas
3.0 Expression For Pressure
4.0 Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature and Pressure
5.0 Ideal Gas Laws
6.0 Maxwells's Distribution
7.0 Gas Speed
8.0 Degrees of Freedom
9.0 Law of Equipartition of Energy
10.0 Heat Capacity
11.0 Relation between Degree of Freedom and Specific Heat of Gas
12.0 Atomicity of a gas
First Law of Thermodynamics
1.0 Introduction2.0 Three important terms in first law of thermodynamics.
3.0 First law of thermodynamics
4.0 Different thermodynamic processes
4.1 Isobaric Process:
4.2 Isochoric process
4.3 Isothermal process
4.5 Adiabatic process
4.6 Polytropic process
5.0 Graphs 4.2 Isochoric process
4.3 Isothermal process
4.5 Adiabatic process
4.6 Polytropic process
6.0 Efficiency of cyclic process
7.0 Heat engine
8.0 Refrigerator
Calorimetry
1.0 Introduction2.0 Principle of calorimetry
3.0 Specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity
4.0 Latent heat of fusion and vaporisation
5.0 Mechanical equivalent of heat
Heat Transfer
1.0 Conduction2.0 Convection
3.0 Radiation
4.0 Kirchhoff's Law
5.0 Wein's displacement law
6.0 Stefan-Boltzman law
7.0 Newton's laws of cooling
Electrostatics
1.0 Introduction2.0 Electric charge
3.0 Coulomb's law
3.1 Coulomb's law in vector relations
3.2 Comparision between coulomb's force and gravitational force
4.0 Principle of superposition 3.2 Comparision between coulomb's force and gravitational force
5.0 Continuous charge distribution
6.0 Electric field
6.1 Electric field due to a point charge
6.2 Electric field due to a ring of charge
6.3 Electric field due to a line of charge
7.0 Electric field lines 6.2 Electric field due to a ring of charge
6.3 Electric field due to a line of charge
8.0 Insulators and conductors
9.0 Gauss's law
9.1 Electric field due to a point charge
9.2 Electric field due to a linear charge distribution
9.3 Electric field due to a plane sheet of charge
9.4 Electric field near a charged conducting surface
9.5 Electric field due to a charged spherical shell or solid conducting surface
9.6 Electric field due to a solid sphere of charge
10.0 Work done 9.2 Electric field due to a linear charge distribution
9.3 Electric field due to a plane sheet of charge
9.4 Electric field near a charged conducting surface
9.5 Electric field due to a charged spherical shell or solid conducting surface
9.6 Electric field due to a solid sphere of charge
10.1 Work done by electrical force
10.2 Work done by external force
10.3 Relation between work done by electrical & external force
11.0 Electric potential energy 10.2 Work done by external force
10.3 Relation between work done by electrical & external force
12.0 Electric Potential
12.1 Properties
12.2 Use of Potential
12.3 Potential Due to Point Charge
12.4 Potential due to a Ring
12.5 Potential Due to Uniformly charged Disc
12.6 Potential Due To Uniformly Charged Spherical Shell
12.7 Potential Due to Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere
13.0 Electric dipole 12.2 Use of Potential
12.3 Potential Due to Point Charge
12.4 Potential due to a Ring
12.5 Potential Due to Uniformly charged Disc
12.6 Potential Due To Uniformly Charged Spherical Shell
12.7 Potential Due to Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere
13.1 Electric field due to a dipole at axial point
13.2 Electric field on equatorial line
13.3 Electric field at any point
13.4 Dipole in an external electric field
13.5 Potential due to an electric dipole
13.2 Electric field on equatorial line
13.3 Electric field at any point
13.4 Dipole in an external electric field
13.5 Potential due to an electric dipole
Capacitors
1.0 Introduction2.0 Different types of capacitors and its capacitance.
3.0 Parallel Plate Capacitor
3.1 When equal and opposite charges placed on plates
3.2 When unequal charges are placed on the two plates
4.0 Capacitance of spherical conductor 3.2 When unequal charges are placed on the two plates
5.0 Capacitance of a earthed sphere by a concentric spherical shell
6.0 Capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor
7.0 Mechanical force on the charged conductor
8.0 Redistribution of Charge
9.0 Dielectrics (Insulators) and Polarization
9.1 Effect of Dielectric
9.2 Capacitance of a Capacitor Partially Filled with Dielectric
9.3 Quantities after inserting dielectric in a capacitor (fully)
10.0 Combination of capacitors 9.2 Capacitance of a Capacitor Partially Filled with Dielectric
9.3 Quantities after inserting dielectric in a capacitor (fully)
11.0 Energy Density ($u$)
12.0 $R$-$C$ Circuits
13.0 Method of Finding Equivalent Capacitance
14.0 Some important concepts
15.0 Van De Graaff Generator
Current Electricity
1.0 Introduction2.0 Conduction of current in a metal
3.0 Ohm's law
3.1 Temperature dependence of resistance
3.2 Resistivities of different materials
3.3 Limitations of ohm's law
4.0 Combination of Resistors 3.2 Resistivities of different materials
3.3 Limitations of ohm's law
5.0 Electromotive force $\left( \xi \right)$
6.0 Heating effect of current
7.0 Wheatstone bridge
8.0 Metre Bridge Or Slide wire bridge
9.0 Potentiometer
9.1 Comparison of emfs of two primary cells.
9.2 Determination of Internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer
10.0 Electrical devices 9.2 Determination of Internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer
Magnetics
1.0 Introduction2.0 The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
3.0 Direction of force
4.0 Lorentz force
5.0 Path or Motion of charged particle in uniform magnetic field
6.0 Deviation of charged particle in magnetic field
7.0 Motion of charge particle in both electric and magnetic field
8.0 Hall effect
9.0 Mass spectrograph
10.0 Cyclotron
11.0 Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor
12.0 Biot Savart Law
13.0 Summary (Important points & formulae)
Magnetism and Matter
1.0 Introduction2.0 Coulomb’s Law
3.0 Magnetic Dipole
3.1 Magnetic Dipole Moment
3.2 Magnetic Field Due to a Magnetic Dipole
3.3 Torque Acting on a Magnetic Dipole
3.4 Potential Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
4.0 Current Carrying Loop 3.2 Magnetic Field Due to a Magnetic Dipole
3.3 Torque Acting on a Magnetic Dipole
3.4 Potential Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
5.0 Gauss’s Law in Magnetism
6.0 Magnetic Moment of an Atom
7.0 Earth’s Magnetism
8.0 Tangent Law
9.0 Deflection Magnetometer
10.0 Vibration Magnetometer
11.0 Magnetic Flux
12.0 Magnetic Induction
13.0 Magnetic of Material
14.0 Classification of Magnetic Materials
15.0 Curie Law in Magnetism
16.0 Hysteresis
17.0 Retentivity or Residual Magnetism
18.0 Coercivity
19.0 Permanent Magnets
20.0 Electromagnets
21.0 Important Points
Electromagnetic Induction
1.0 Introduction2.0 Magnetic Flux
3.0 Experiments by Faraday and Henry
4.0 Len’z Law:
5.0 Induced Electric Field
6.0 Eddy Current:
7.0 Inductor and Inductance:
7.1 Inductors connected in series:
7.2 Inductors connected in parallel:
7.3 Mutually coupled inductors in parallel:
8.0 Growth and Decay of current in an LR circuit: 7.2 Inductors connected in parallel:
7.3 Mutually coupled inductors in parallel:
Alternating Current
1.0 Introduction2.0 Alternating current and alternating voltage
2.1 Instantaneous current and voltage
2.2 Mean or average current and voltage
2.3 Root mean square current and voltage
2.4 Form factor
3.0 Some important terms 2.2 Mean or average current and voltage
2.3 Root mean square current and voltage
2.4 Form factor
4.0 Circuit element in AC circuit
4.1 Pure resistor circuit
4.2 Pure inductor circuit
4.3 Pure capacitor circuit
4.4 Series $L-R$ circuit
4.5 Series $C-R$ circuit
4.6 Series $L-C-R$ circuit
4.7 Resonance series $L-C-R$ circuit
4.8 Quality factor
4.9 Summary
5.0 Power in AC circuit 4.2 Pure inductor circuit
4.3 Pure capacitor circuit
4.4 Series $L-R$ circuit
4.5 Series $C-R$ circuit
4.6 Series $L-C-R$ circuit
4.7 Resonance series $L-C-R$ circuit
4.8 Quality factor
4.9 Summary
Reflection of Light
1.0 Introduction2.0 Reflection of light
3.0 Basic terminologies of spherical mirrors
3.1 Paraxial approximation
3.2 Spherical mirrors
3.3 Sign convention
3.4 Ray tracing
3.5 Image formation by concave mirror
3.6 Image formation by convex mirror
4.0 Spherical mirror formulae 3.2 Spherical mirrors
3.3 Sign convention
3.4 Ray tracing
3.5 Image formation by concave mirror
3.6 Image formation by convex mirror
5.0 Magnification
6.0 Motion of object and image
Refraction of Light
1.0 Introduction2.0 Laws of refraction
3.0 Apparent shift of an object
4.0 Thin lenses
4.1 Sign convention
4.2 Some important terms
4.3 Ray tracing
4.4 Image formed by covex lens
4.5 Image formed by concave lens
5.0 Lens makers formula & Other Functions of lens. 4.2 Some important terms
4.3 Ray tracing
4.4 Image formed by covex lens
4.5 Image formed by concave lens
5.1 Thin Lens Formula
5.2 Magnification and Power of lens
5.3 Combination of lenses
5.4 Displacement method to find focal length.
5.5 Silvering of lens
6.0 Total internal reflection 5.2 Magnification and Power of lens
5.3 Combination of lenses
5.4 Displacement method to find focal length.
5.5 Silvering of lens
7.0 Refraction through prism
8.0 Scattering of light
9.0 Optical instruments
9.1 Spectrometer
9.2 Simple microscope
9.3 Compound microscope
9.4 Astronomical telescope (Refracting type)
9.5 Terrestrial telescope
9.6 Galileo's terrestrial telescope
9.7 Reflecting type telescope
9.2 Simple microscope
9.3 Compound microscope
9.4 Astronomical telescope (Refracting type)
9.5 Terrestrial telescope
9.6 Galileo's terrestrial telescope
9.7 Reflecting type telescope
Wave Optics
1.0 Introduction1.1 Wavefronts
1.2 Huygens Principle
1.3 Interference of light
1.4 Intensity distribution
1.5 Phase difference
2.0 Young's double slit experiment 1.2 Huygens Principle
1.3 Interference of light
1.4 Intensity distribution
1.5 Phase difference
3.0 Diffraction of light
4.0 Polarisation
Basic Modern Physics
1.0 Photon theory of light2.0 Characteristics of photon
3.0 Wave Particle Duality
4.0 Emission of electrons
5.0 Photoelectric Effect
5.1 Laws of Photoelectric emission
5.2 Photoelectric equation
5.3 Photoelectric Current
5.4 Stopping potential
5.5 Graph between $K{E_{max}}$ and frequency
6.0 Radiation Pressure And Force 5.2 Photoelectric equation
5.3 Photoelectric Current
5.4 Stopping potential
5.5 Graph between $K{E_{max}}$ and frequency
7.0 Photon Density
8.0 Force exerted by a light beam on a surface
9.0 Early Atomic Structures
10.0 Bohr Model of The Hydrogen Atom
10.1 Radius of Orbit
10.2 Velocity of electron in the $n^th$ orbit
10.3 Orbital frequency of electron
11.0 Energy of electron in the $n^{th}$ orbit 10.2 Velocity of electron in the $n^th$ orbit
10.3 Orbital frequency of electron
12.0 Basic Definitions
13.0 Atomic Excitation
Advanced Modern Physics
1.0 X-Rays2.0 Moseley's Law.
3.0 Nuclear Structure
4.0 Nuclear binding energy
4.1 Binding energy per nucleon
4.2 Variation of Binding energy per nucleon with mass number
4.3 Nuclear stability
5.0 Radioactivity 4.2 Variation of Binding energy per nucleon with mass number
4.3 Nuclear stability
6.0 Radioactive decay law
Electromagnetic Waves
1.0 Introduction2.0 Electromagnetic Waves
2.1 Properties of electromagnetic waves
2.2 Production of electromagnetic waves
2.3 Energy density of electromagnetic waves
2.4 Intensity of electromagnetic waves
2.5 Momentum of electromagnetic waves
2.6 Radiation pressure
2.7 Poynting vector
2.8 Electromagnetic spectrum
2.2 Production of electromagnetic waves
2.3 Energy density of electromagnetic waves
2.4 Intensity of electromagnetic waves
2.5 Momentum of electromagnetic waves
2.6 Radiation pressure
2.7 Poynting vector
2.8 Electromagnetic spectrum
Communication Systems
1.0 Elements of a communication system1.1 Terminology used in electronic communication system
1.2 Bandwidth of signals
1.3 Bandwidth of transmission medium
1.4 Earth's atmosphere
2.0 Radio waves 1.2 Bandwidth of signals
1.3 Bandwidth of transmission medium
1.4 Earth's atmosphere
3.0 Modulation
Semi-conductor Devices and Electronics
1.0 Introduction1.1 Classification of solids on the basis of their conductivity
1.2 Band theory of solids
1.3 Classification of solids on the basis of band theory
2.0 Types of semiconductor 1.2 Band theory of solids
1.3 Classification of solids on the basis of band theory
3.0 Mass action law
4.0 Electrical conductivity in semiconductor
5.0 $p-n$ junction
5.1 Depletion region
5.2 Forward biasing of a $p-n$ junction
5.3 Reverse biasing of a $p-n$ junction
6.0 Breakdown voltage 5.2 Forward biasing of a $p-n$ junction
5.3 Reverse biasing of a $p-n$ junction
7.0 $I-V$ characteristics of a $p-n$ junction
8.0 Rectifier
8.1 Half wave rectifier
8.2 Full wave rectifier
8.3 Ripple frequency
8.4 Ripple factor
8.5 Ripple efficiency $\left( \eta \right)$
8.6 Form factor
9.0 Light emitting diode (LED) 8.2 Full wave rectifier
8.3 Ripple frequency
8.4 Ripple factor
8.5 Ripple efficiency $\left( \eta \right)$
8.6 Form factor
10.0 Zener diode
11.0 Transistor
12.0 Boolean identities
13.0 Logic gates
14.0 De Morgan's theorem
Chemistry
Stoichiometry
1.0 The Mole2.0 The Limiting Reagent
3.0 Gravimetric Analysis
4.0 Volumetric Analysis
5.0 Calculation of n-factor
6.0 Redox Reactions
7.0 Titration
7.1 Simple Titration
7.2 Double Titration
7.3 Method
7.4 Titration of the solution containing both $N{a_2}C{O_3}$ and $NaHC{O_3}$
7.5 Titration of the solution containing both $NaOH$ and $N{a_2}C{O_3}$
7.6 Back Titration
8.0 Iodimetric and Iodometric Titrations 7.2 Double Titration
7.3 Method
7.4 Titration of the solution containing both $N{a_2}C{O_3}$ and $NaHC{O_3}$
7.5 Titration of the solution containing both $NaOH$ and $N{a_2}C{O_3}$
7.6 Back Titration
9.0 Volume strength peroxide solution
10.0 Percentage Labeling of Oleum
11.0 Hardness of Water
Balancing Reaction
1.0 Balancing chemical equations2.0 Balancing redox reactions
Eudiometry
1.0 IntroductionStructure of Atom
1.0 Introduction2.0 Cathode Ray Discharge Tube
3.0 Thomson Model of Atom
4.0 Rutherford Model of Atom
5.0 Atomic Number and Mass Number and It's Relation
6.0 Planck's Quantum Theory
7.0 Bohr’s Atomic Model
8.0 Dual Behaviour of Matter
9.0 Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle
10.0 Photoelectric Effect
11.0 Atomic Spectra
12.0 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
13.0 Quantum Number
14.0 Electronic Configuration of Elements
14.1 Aufbau (or building up) Principle
14.2 Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
14.3 Hund’s Rule
14.4 Stability of Completely Filled and Half Filled Subshells
14.2 Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
14.3 Hund’s Rule
14.4 Stability of Completely Filled and Half Filled Subshells
Periodic Table
1.0 Introduction2.0 Modern Periodic Law & Modern Periodic Table
3.0 s,p,d,f Block Elements
4.0 Size and type of bonding in atoms.
5.0 Ionization Potential
5.1 Factor Affecting Ionization Potential
5.2 Trends in Ionization Potential
5.3 Ionization Potential of Transition Elements
5.4 Application of Ionization Potential
6.0 Electron Affinity 5.2 Trends in Ionization Potential
5.3 Ionization Potential of Transition Elements
5.4 Application of Ionization Potential
7.0 Electronegativity
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
1.0 Ionic Bond or Electrovalent Bond2.0 Lattice Energy
3.0 Characteristics of Electrovalent Compounds
4.0 Covalent Bond (By Mutual Sharing of Electrons)
5.0 Characteristics of Covalent Compounds
6.0 Fajan’s Rule
7.0 Hydrogen Bonding
8.0 Coordinate Bond
9.0 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
10.0 Valence Bond Theory
11.0 Sigma and Pi Bonds ($\sigma $ and $\pi $ Bonds)
12.0 Hybridisation
12.1 Types of hybridization and spatial orientation of hybrid orbitals
12.2 Method of predicting the Hybrid state of the central atom in covalent molecules of polyatomic ions
13.0 Molecular Orbital Theory 12.2 Method of predicting the Hybrid state of the central atom in covalent molecules of polyatomic ions
Gaseous State
1.0 Introduction2.0 Gas laws
3.0 Ideal gas equation
4.0 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
5.0 Graham's law of effusion or diffusion
6.0 Kinetic theory of gases
7.0 Relation between kinetic energy and temperature
8.0 Real gas (deviation from ideality)
9.0 Liquifaction of gases
Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry
1.0 Introduction to Thermodynamics1.1 Importance of Thermodynamics
1.2 Limitations of Thermodynamics
1.3 Some Basic Terms of Thermodynamics
2.0 Thermodynamic Processes 1.2 Limitations of Thermodynamics
1.3 Some Basic Terms of Thermodynamics
2.1 Some other important relations of adiabatic process
2.2 Reversible and Irreversible Processes
2.3 Polytropic Process
3.0 Heat $(Q)$ 2.2 Reversible and Irreversible Processes
2.3 Polytropic Process
4.0 Work $(W)$
5.0 Internal Energy
6.0 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamic
7.0 First Law of Thermodynamics
8.0 Heat Capacity
9.0 Enthalpy $(H)$ or Heat Content
10.0 Significance of $?H$ and $?E$
11.0 Relationship Between $?H$ and $?E$
12.0 Standard Enthalpy of Reaction
12.1 Molar Enthalpy of Fusion $\left( {\Delta {H_{fus}}} \right)$
12.2 Molar Enthalpy of Vaporisation $(\Delta {H_{vap}})$
12.3 Enthalpy of Sublimation $\left( {\Delta {H_{sub}}} \right)$
12.4 Enthalpy of Formation
12.5 Enthalpy of Combustion $\left( {\Delta {H_c}} \right)$
12.6 Enthalpy of Neutralization $\left( {\Delta {H_{neu}}} \right)$
12.7 Enthalpy of Solution $\left( {\Delta {H_{sol}}} \right)$
13.0 Law of Thermodynamics 12.2 Molar Enthalpy of Vaporisation $(\Delta {H_{vap}})$
12.3 Enthalpy of Sublimation $\left( {\Delta {H_{sub}}} \right)$
12.4 Enthalpy of Formation
12.5 Enthalpy of Combustion $\left( {\Delta {H_c}} \right)$
12.6 Enthalpy of Neutralization $\left( {\Delta {H_{neu}}} \right)$
12.7 Enthalpy of Solution $\left( {\Delta {H_{sol}}} \right)$
14.0 Bond Energy or Bond Enthalpies
15.0 Second Law of Thermodynamic
16.0 Entropy (S)
16.1 Some Important points Related to Entropy
16.2 Entropy Change in Various Thermodynamic Process
16.3 Entropy Change in Phase Transformation
17.0 Spontaneous Processes 16.2 Entropy Change in Various Thermodynamic Process
16.3 Entropy Change in Phase Transformation
18.0 Free Energy (G)
19.0 Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy Changes and The Nature of Process
20.0 Standard Free Energy Change
21.0 Coupled Reactions
22.0 Third Law of Thermodynamic
22.1 Third Law of Thermodynamics, Entropy ? Temperature
22.2 Limitations of Third Law of Thermodynamics
23.0 Important Facts 22.2 Limitations of Third Law of Thermodynamics
Chemical Equilibrium
1.0 Introduction2.0 Chemical Equilibrium
3.0 Law of mass action
4.0 Equilibrium Constant
5.0 Important Relationship Involving Equilibrium Constant
6.0 Reaction Quotient ($Q$) and prediction of direction of reaction
7.0 Relationship Between $\Delta {G^ \circ }\ and\ K$
8.0 Factors Affecting Equilibrium (Le-Chatelier's Principle)
Hydrogen
1.0 Basic Information2.0 Atomic and Physical Properties of Hydrogen (reference: NCERT)
3.0 Dihydrogen
4.0 Physical Properties
5.0 Chemical Properties
6.0 Uses of Dihydrogen
7.0 Compounds of Hydrogen
8.0 Hard and Soft Water
9.0 Hydrogen Peroxide
10.0 Volume strength of Hydrogen Peroxide
s Block Elements
1.0 S-Block Elements2.0 Alkali Metals
3.0 Anamolous Behaviour of Lithium
4.0 Diagonal Relationship – similarities with magnesium
5.0 Compounds of Sodium
6.0 Alkaline Earth Metals
7.0 Diagonal Relationship – Similarities with Aluminium:
8.0 Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium
9.0 Compounds of Calcium
p Block Elements
1.0 Group $13$ – The Boron Family2.0 Boron
3.0 Compounds of boron
4.0 Compounds of Aluminium
5.0 Group $14$ – The Carbon family
6.0 Allotropes of Carbon
7.0 Compounds of Carbon
8.0 Properties of Silicon
9.0 Group $15$-The Nitrogen Family
10.0 Oxides of nitrogen
10.1 Nitrogen Oxide $N_2O$ or Laughing gas (Neutral)
10.2 Nitric Oxide $NO$ (Neutral)
10.3 Nitrogen trioxide $N_2O_3$
10.4 Nitrogen dioxide or Di-nitrogen tetroxide $NO_2$ or $N_2O$
10.5 Nitrogen pentaoxide $N_2O_5$
11.0 Oxyacids of Nitrogen 10.2 Nitric Oxide $NO$ (Neutral)
10.3 Nitrogen trioxide $N_2O_3$
10.4 Nitrogen dioxide or Di-nitrogen tetroxide $NO_2$ or $N_2O$
10.5 Nitrogen pentaoxide $N_2O_5$
11.1 Nitric acid $HNO_3$
11.2 Oxidation of Metalloid and Inorganic compounds by Nitric acid
11.3 Action of Metals & Proteins
12.0 Phosphorus 11.2 Oxidation of Metalloid and Inorganic compounds by Nitric acid
11.3 Action of Metals & Proteins
13.0 Oxygen
14.0 Sulphur
General Organic Chemistry
1.0 Introduction2.0 Classification of organic compounds
3.0 Homologous series
4.0 Nomenclature of hydrocarbons
4.1 The alkanes $(C_nH_{2n+2})$
4.2 The alkenes $(C_nH_{2n})$
4.3 The alkynes $(C_nH_{2n-2})$
4.4 Combined alkenes and alkynes
4.5 Cyclic hydrocarbons
5.0 Nomenclature of compounds containing halogens and nitro groups 4.2 The alkenes $(C_nH_{2n})$
4.3 The alkynes $(C_nH_{2n-2})$
4.4 Combined alkenes and alkynes
4.5 Cyclic hydrocarbons
6.0 Nomenclature of compounds with functional groups named as suffixes
6.1 Ethers and thioethers
6.2 Alcohols & thiols
6.3 Acids, salts of acids and acid anhydrides
6.4 Esters
6.5 Acid halides
6.6 Amides
6.7 Nitriles
6.8 Aldehydes
6.9 Ketones
6.10 Amines and ammonium salts
7.0 Nomenclature of aromatic compounds 6.2 Alcohols & thiols
6.3 Acids, salts of acids and acid anhydrides
6.4 Esters
6.5 Acid halides
6.6 Amides
6.7 Nitriles
6.8 Aldehydes
6.9 Ketones
6.10 Amines and ammonium salts
7.1 Halogen and nitro-substituted aromatics
7.2 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
7.3 Phenols and thiophenols
7.4 Aldehydes & Ketones
7.5 Sulfonic acids and sulfonic acid derivatives
7.6 Aromatic amines
7.7 Diazonium ions $\left( {ArN_2^ + } \right)$
8.0 Radicofunctional naming 7.2 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
7.3 Phenols and thiophenols
7.4 Aldehydes & Ketones
7.5 Sulfonic acids and sulfonic acid derivatives
7.6 Aromatic amines
7.7 Diazonium ions $\left( {ArN_2^ + } \right)$
9.0 Organic reactions
9.1 Substitution or displacement reactions
9.2 Addition reaction
9.3 Elimination reaction
9.4 Rearrangement reactions
10.0 Electrophiles 9.2 Addition reaction
9.3 Elimination reaction
9.4 Rearrangement reactions
11.0 Nucleophiles
12.0 Breaking and forming of bonds
13.0 Reaction intermediates
13.1 Carbocations
13.2 Carbanions
13.3 Carbon radical
13.4 Carbenes
13.5 Nitrenes
13.6 Arenium ions
13.7 Benzynes
14.0 Electron displacement effects 13.2 Carbanions
13.3 Carbon radical
13.4 Carbenes
13.5 Nitrenes
13.6 Arenium ions
13.7 Benzynes
15.0 Inductive effects
16.0 Hyperconjugation
17.0 Resonance
18.0 Mesomeric effect
19.0 Electromeric effect
20.0 Inductomeric effect
21.0 Steric inhibition of resonance
22.0 Ortho effect
Isomerism
1.0 Isomerism2.0 Structural Isomerism
2.1 Chain or Nuclear Isomerism
2.2 ${C_5}{H_{12}}$ stands for three chain isomers
2.3 Cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane are nuclear isomerism
2.4 Position Isomerism
2.5 Functional Isomerism
2.6 Metamerism
2.7 Ring Chain Isomerism
3.0 Tautomerism 2.2 ${C_5}{H_{12}}$ stands for three chain isomers
2.3 Cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane are nuclear isomerism
2.4 Position Isomerism
2.5 Functional Isomerism
2.6 Metamerism
2.7 Ring Chain Isomerism
3.1 Structural requirement for tautomrism
3.2 Cause of tautomerism
3.3 Keto-enol tautomerim
3.4 Percentage Composition of Tautomeric Mixture
3.5 Triad System containing Nitrogen
3.6 Mechanism of tautomerism
3.7 Stereoisomerism
3.8 Geometrical Isomerism
3.9 Reason of Occurrence of geometrical Isomerism
4.0 Geometrical isomerism in the compounds containing C=N 3.2 Cause of tautomerism
3.3 Keto-enol tautomerim
3.4 Percentage Composition of Tautomeric Mixture
3.5 Triad System containing Nitrogen
3.6 Mechanism of tautomerism
3.7 Stereoisomerism
3.8 Geometrical Isomerism
3.9 Reason of Occurrence of geometrical Isomerism
4.1 Geometrical isomerism in the compounds containing N=N
4.2 Geometrical Isomerism in Cyclic Compounds
4.3 Stability of cis, Trans (or) Geometrical isomers
4.4 Number of Geometrical isomers
4.5 E and Z nomenclature of geometrical isomers
5.0 Optical Isomerism 4.2 Geometrical Isomerism in Cyclic Compounds
4.3 Stability of cis, Trans (or) Geometrical isomers
4.4 Number of Geometrical isomers
4.5 E and Z nomenclature of geometrical isomers
5.1 Optical Activity
5.2 Asymmetric carbon (or) Chiral Carbon
5.3 Optical isomerism in bromo chloro iodo methane
6.0 Optical isomerism in compounds having more than one chiral carbons 5.2 Asymmetric carbon (or) Chiral Carbon
5.3 Optical isomerism in bromo chloro iodo methane
6.1 Elements of symmetry
6.2 Centre of Symmetry
6.3 Stereoisomerism in Tartaric Acid
6.4 Calculation of number of optical isomers
7.0 Optically active compounds having no asymmetric carbon 6.2 Centre of Symmetry
6.3 Stereoisomerism in Tartaric Acid
6.4 Calculation of number of optical isomers
Hydrocarbons
1.0 Introduction2.0 Alkanes
3.0 Methods of Preparation Alkanes
4.0 Physical Proparties
5.0 Chemical Properties
6.0 Alkenes
7.0 Methods of Preparation Alkenes
7.1 Dehydrohalgoenation
7.2 Dehydration of Alcohols
7.3 Dehalogenation
7.4 Thermal elimination reaction
7.5 By partial reduction of alkynes:
7.6 Wittig Reaction
7.7 Kolbe hydrocarbon synthesis
8.0 Physical Proparties 7.2 Dehydration of Alcohols
7.3 Dehalogenation
7.4 Thermal elimination reaction
7.5 By partial reduction of alkynes:
7.6 Wittig Reaction
7.7 Kolbe hydrocarbon synthesis
9.0 Chemical Properties
10.0 Mechanism Of Some Important Reaction Of Alkenes
10.1 Mechanism of halogen addition
10.2 Mechanism of halohydrin formation
10.3 Syn - hydroxylation
10.4 Oxidation reactions of alkenes
11.0 Alkynes 10.2 Mechanism of halohydrin formation
10.3 Syn - hydroxylation
10.4 Oxidation reactions of alkenes
12.0 Methods of Preparation Alkynes
12.1 Industrial source
12.2 Kolbe’s method
12.3 Dehydrohalogenation of 1, 2 – dihalides
12.4 Dehydrohalogenation of 1, 1 – dihalides
12.5 Dehalogenation of tetrahalides or trihalides
12.6 Alkylation of acetylene and terminal alkynes
13.0 Physical Properties 12.2 Kolbe’s method
12.3 Dehydrohalogenation of 1, 2 – dihalides
12.4 Dehydrohalogenation of 1, 1 – dihalides
12.5 Dehalogenation of tetrahalides or trihalides
12.6 Alkylation of acetylene and terminal alkynes
14.0 Chemical Properteis
14.1 Electrophilic addition reactions
14.2 Acidity of Alkynes
14.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
14.4 Structure of Benzene
15.0 Modern Concept 14.2 Acidity of Alkynes
14.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
14.4 Structure of Benzene
15.1 Aromaticity in Benzene and Related Systems
15.2 Huckel’s rule or $\left( {{\bf{4n}}{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}{\bf{2}}} \right)\pi $ electron rule
16.0 Properteis 15.2 Huckel’s rule or $\left( {{\bf{4n}}{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}{\bf{2}}} \right)\pi $ electron rule
17.0 Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
17.1 Nitration
17.2 Friedel – Craft Alkylation
17.3 Friedel – Craft Acylation
17.4 Reactions of side chains
18.0 Toluene 17.2 Friedel – Craft Alkylation
17.3 Friedel – Craft Acylation
17.4 Reactions of side chains
19.0 Alkenyl Benzene
Aromatic Compounds
1.0 The Structure of Benzene1.1 A Resonance Picture of Benzene
1.2 The Stability of Benzene
1.3 The Resonance Explanation of the Structure of Benzene
1.4 Bond lengths and angles in benzene
1.5 Hückle’s Rule: The $\left( {4n{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}2} \right)\pi $ Electron Rule
2.0 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions 1.2 The Stability of Benzene
1.3 The Resonance Explanation of the Structure of Benzene
1.4 Bond lengths and angles in benzene
1.5 Hückle’s Rule: The $\left( {4n{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}2} \right)\pi $ Electron Rule
3.0 Nitration
4.0 Sulphonation
5.0 Halogenation
6.0 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
7.0 Friedel-Crafts Acylation
8.0 Orientation and Reactivity in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
8.1 Donation of electrons into a benzene ring by resonance
8.2 Withdrawal of electrons from a benzene ring by resonance
9.0 Ortho / Para Ratio 8.2 Withdrawal of electrons from a benzene ring by resonance
9.1 Directive influence of the groups during substitutions in benzene ring
9.2 Mechanism of o and p-directing groups
9.3 Mechanism of o- and p-directing groups not have unshared pair of electrons
9.4 Mechanism of o- and p-directing gps having unshared pair of electron(s)
9.5 Mechanism of m-directing groups
9.6 Competitive orienting effect of two substituents
10.0 Reactions of Alkyl Benzenes 9.2 Mechanism of o and p-directing groups
9.3 Mechanism of o- and p-directing groups not have unshared pair of electrons
9.4 Mechanism of o- and p-directing gps having unshared pair of electron(s)
9.5 Mechanism of m-directing groups
9.6 Competitive orienting effect of two substituents
Enviromental Chemistry
1.0 Introduction2.0 Environmental Pollution
2.1 Pollutant
2.2 Contaminant
2.3 Source
2.4 Sink
2.5 Receptor
2.6 Threshold limit value (TLV)
2.7 Flow sheet of Environmental pollution process
2.8 Atmospheric Pollution
2.9 Tropospheric pollution or Air pollution
3.0 Types Of Pollution 2.2 Contaminant
2.3 Source
2.4 Sink
2.5 Receptor
2.6 Threshold limit value (TLV)
2.7 Flow sheet of Environmental pollution process
2.8 Atmospheric Pollution
2.9 Tropospheric pollution or Air pollution
3.1 Primary pollutants
3.2 Particulate Matter
3.3 Inorganic gases
3.4 Secondary Pollutants
3.5 Major air pollutants
4.0 Particulates 3.2 Particulate Matter
3.3 Inorganic gases
3.4 Secondary Pollutants
3.5 Major air pollutants
5.0 Control Of Air Pollution
6.0 Stratospherical Pollution: (Ozone Layer & its depletion)
7.0 Acid Rain
8.0 Green House Effect & Global Warming
8.1 Green house effect around the earth
8.2 Advantages of green house effect
8.3 Harmful effects of green house effect
8.4 Water Pollution
9.0 BOD Determination 8.2 Advantages of green house effect
8.3 Harmful effects of green house effect
8.4 Water Pollution
10.0 COD determination
10.1 Control of water pollution
10.2 Land Pollution
10.3 Pesticides
10.4 Control of soil pollution
10.5 Green Chemistry: A new route to protection of environment
10.2 Land Pollution
10.3 Pesticides
10.4 Control of soil pollution
10.5 Green Chemistry: A new route to protection of environment
Solid State
1.0 Classification of Solids2.0 Types of Lattice
3.0 Calculation of number of particles in a Unit Cell
4.0 Close Packing in Crystals
5.0 Calculation of Spaces occupied i.e., Packing Fraction
6.0 Calculation of density of a cubic crystal from its edge
7.0 Classification of Ionic Structures
8.0 Imperfection in Solids
9.0 Properties of Solids
10.0 Silicates
Solutions
1.0 Solution2.0 Methods of expressing concentration of a Solution
3.0 Solubility
4.0 Henry's law
5.0 Raoult's law
6.0 Azotropes
7.0 Colligative Properties
7.1 Relative lowering of vapour pressure
7.2 Elevation in Boiling point
7.3 Depression of Freezing point
7.4 Osmosis and Osmotic pressure
8.0 Abnormal Colligative Properties 7.2 Elevation in Boiling point
7.3 Depression of Freezing point
7.4 Osmosis and Osmotic pressure
Surface Chemistry
1.0 Introduction2.0 Adsorption
3.0 Factors affecting adsorption of gases by solids
4.0 Adsorption Isotherms
5.0 Applications of Adsorption
6.0 Types of Solutions
7.0 Colloidal System
7.1 Different Colloidal Systems
7.2 Classification of Colloidal System
7.3 Preparation of Colloidal System
7.4 Purification of Colloidal System
7.5 Properties of colloidal system
8.0 Coagulation of colloidal solutions 7.2 Classification of Colloidal System
7.3 Preparation of Colloidal System
7.4 Purification of Colloidal System
7.5 Properties of colloidal system
9.0 Emulsions
10.0 Catalysis
11.0 Zeolites as shape-selective catalysts
12.0 Enzyme as catalysts
12.1 Characteristics of Enzymes
12.2 Mechanism of enzyme catalysis
12.3 Autocatalysis
12.4 Induced catalysis
12.2 Mechanism of enzyme catalysis
12.3 Autocatalysis
12.4 Induced catalysis
Chemical Kinetics
1.0 Introduction2.0 Rate of a chemical reaction
3.0 Rate Law
4.0 Order of a reaction
5.0 Molecularity of a reaction
6.0 Integrated Rate Laws
6.1 Zero Order Reaction
6.2 First Order Reaction
6.3 Second Order Reaction
6.4 Pseudo first order reaction
6.5 Relation between half life and concentration
7.0 Arrhenius Equation 6.2 First Order Reaction
6.3 Second Order Reaction
6.4 Pseudo first order reaction
6.5 Relation between half life and concentration
Ionic Equilibrium
1.0 Reversible Reaction2.0 $pH$ Scale
3.0 Arrehenius Theory of Electrolyte Ionization (Dissociation)
4.0 Ionization of Water
5.0 Determination of $pH$ of acids and bases
5.1 Strong acid
5.2 Weak acid
5.3 Strong Acid + Weak Acid
5.4 Two weak acids
5.5 Dibasic and polyprotic weak acids
6.0 Salt Hydrolysis 5.2 Weak acid
5.3 Strong Acid + Weak Acid
5.4 Two weak acids
5.5 Dibasic and polyprotic weak acids
6.1 Salts of weak acid + strong base
6.2 Salt of weak base + strong acid
6.3 Salt of weak acid and weak base
7.0 Buffer Solution 6.2 Salt of weak base + strong acid
6.3 Salt of weak acid and weak base
8.0 Solubility and Solubility Product
Electrochemistry
1.0 Introduction2.0 Conductors and Non-Conductors
3.0 Electrochemical Cells
4.0 Electrolysis and electrode Reactions
5.0 Electrochemical Cell
6.0 Electrode Potential
7.0 Nature of Electrodes
8.0 IUPAC Cell Representation and Convention
9.0 Standard Cell EMF and Standard Reduction Potential
10.0 Electropositive Character of Metals
11.0 Difference between EMF and potential difference
12.0 Nernst Equation
13.0 Laws of Electrolysis
14.0 Electromotive Force
15.0 Thermodynamics of the Cells
16.0 Concentration Cells
17.0 Battery
18.0 Fuel Cell
Ores and Metallurgy
1.0 Basic Definitions2.0 Classification of Ores
3.0 Metallurgy
4.0 Steps of Metallurgy
4.1 Crushing or Grinding
4.2 Concentration of Ores
4.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
4.4 Purification or Refining of Metals
5.0 Metallurgy of some important metals 4.2 Concentration of Ores
4.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
4.4 Purification or Refining of Metals
d and f Block Elements
1.0 General Introduction and Electronic Configuration2.0 Occurrence and General Characteristics of Transition Elements
3.0 General Trends in properties of First Row Elements
3.1 Ionisation Enthalpy
3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
4.0 Potassium dichromate 3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
5.0 Potassium permanganate
5.1 Properties of potassium permanganate
5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
6.0 F-Block Elements - Introduction 5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
7.0 Lanthanoid Series
7.1 Position of Lanthanoid Series
7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
8.0 Lanthanoid Contraction and its consequence 7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
9.0 Actinoids Series
9.1 Position of Actinoids in periodic table
9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
10.0 Comparison between lanthanoids and actinoids 9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
Coordination Compounds
1.0 Basics2.0 Addition Salt
3.0 Nomenclature of Co-ordination Compounds
4.0 Werner's Co-ordination Theory
5.0 Valence bond theory
6.0 Crystal field splitting theory (CFST)
7.0 Effective atomic number
8.0 Magnetic Moment
9.0 Application of Crystal Field Splitting Theory (CFST)
10.0 Isomerism in Co-ordination compounds
11.0 Organo-metallic compounds
12.0 Stability of Co-ordination compounds
Salt Analysis
1.0 Basic Information1.1 List of different Coloured Salts (with colourless anions)
1.2 Action of Heat (Colour of Residue)
1.3 Gases
1.4 Flame Test
2.0 Classification of Anions 1.2 Action of Heat (Colour of Residue)
1.3 Gases
1.4 Flame Test
3.0 Classification of Cations
4.0 Identification of Basic Radicals
Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides
1.0 Alkyl halides2.0 Halogen Derivatives of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
3.0 Nomenclature
4.0 Isomerism
5.0 Nature of $C- X$ bond
6.0 Preparation
7.0 Physical Properties
8.0 Chemical Properties
9.0 Elimination Reactions
10.0 Reaction with Metals
11.0 Aryl Halides
12.0 Chemical Properties of Aryl Halides
13.0 Halogenation
14.0 Sulphonation
15.0 Nitration
16.0 Friedel-Craft's alkylation
17.0 Friedel Craft's acylation
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
1.0 Alcohols2.0 Classification of alcohols
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohol
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohols
4.0 Preparation of Alcohol
4.1 By hydrolysis of alkyl halide
4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.0 Grignard reagent 4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.1 Reaction & Mechanism
5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.0 Chemical properties of alcohols 5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.1 Acidic character
6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
7.0 Tests for Alchols 6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
8.0 Ethers
9.0 Chemical Properties of Ethers
10.0 Aryl Ethers
11.0 Epoxides
12.0 Phenols
13.0 Preparation of Phenol
14.0 Physical Properties of Phenol
15.0 Chemical properties of phenols
Aldehydes and Ketones
1.0 Introduction2.0 Methods of Preparation
2.1 Aldehydes by Oxidation of 1° Alcohol
2.2 Ketones by Oxidation of 2° Alcohol
2.3 Aldehydes by Reduction of Acyl Chlorides, Esters and Nitriles
2.4 Aldehydes from Acyl Halides
2.5 Aldehydes from Esters and Nitriles
2.6 By heating calcium salt of fatty acids
2.7 Hydroboration of Alkynes
2.8 Hydration of Alkynes
2.9 Gattermann-Koch Reaction
2.10 Gattermann Reaction
2.11 Freidel Crafts Acylation
2.12 By Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes
2.13 Etard’s Reaction
3.0 Physical Properties 2.2 Ketones by Oxidation of 2° Alcohol
2.3 Aldehydes by Reduction of Acyl Chlorides, Esters and Nitriles
2.4 Aldehydes from Acyl Halides
2.5 Aldehydes from Esters and Nitriles
2.6 By heating calcium salt of fatty acids
2.7 Hydroboration of Alkynes
2.8 Hydration of Alkynes
2.9 Gattermann-Koch Reaction
2.10 Gattermann Reaction
2.11 Freidel Crafts Acylation
2.12 By Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes
2.13 Etard’s Reaction
4.0 Relative Reactivities of Carbonyl Compounds
4.1 Relative Reactivities towards Nucleophilic addition
4.2 Rate of Nucleophilic Substitution
4.3 Reactivitiy Considerations
5.0 Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles 4.2 Rate of Nucleophilic Substitution
4.3 Reactivitiy Considerations
6.0 Haloform Reactions
7.0 Aldol Condensations
8.0 Claisen Condensation
9.0 Intramolecular Claisen Condensation
9.1 Dieckmann Condensation
9.2 Perkin Reaction
9.3 Mechanism:
9.4 Knoevenagel Reaction
9.5 Mechanism
10.0 Cannizzaro Reaction 9.2 Perkin Reaction
9.3 Mechanism:
9.4 Knoevenagel Reaction
9.5 Mechanism
11.0 Reformatsky Reaction
12.0 Addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles
12.1 Mechanism and pH dependence of Rate of Reaction of Imine (>C = N-) Formation
12.2 Addition of Secondary Amines: Formation of Enamine
12.3 Mechanism for Enamine Formation
12.4 Addition of Ammonia: Reductive Amination
13.0 Addition of Oxygen Nucleophile 12.2 Addition of Secondary Amines: Formation of Enamine
12.3 Mechanism for Enamine Formation
12.4 Addition of Ammonia: Reductive Amination
13.1 Addition of Water
13.2 Mechanism
13.3 Mechanism for Acid-Catalysed Hydrate Formation
13.4 Addition of Alcohols
13.5 Mechanism for the Reaction
13.6 Acid-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Formation
13.7 Base-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Formation
13.8 Acid-Catalyzed Acetal Formation
13.9 Acetals are Protecting Groups
14.0 Addition of Sulphur Nucleophile 13.2 Mechanism
13.3 Mechanism for Acid-Catalysed Hydrate Formation
13.4 Addition of Alcohols
13.5 Mechanism for the Reaction
13.6 Acid-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Formation
13.7 Base-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Formation
13.8 Acid-Catalyzed Acetal Formation
13.9 Acetals are Protecting Groups
15.0 Oxidation of Aldehydes And Ketones
15.1 Tollen’s Reagent
15.2 Fehling Solution
15.3 Benedict’s Solution
15.4 Schiff’s Reagent
15.5 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
15.6 Oppenauer Oxidation
15.7 Oxidation of Aldehydes And Ketones With $S{O_2}$
16.0 Reduction of Aldehyde and Ketones 15.2 Fehling Solution
15.3 Benedict’s Solution
15.4 Schiff’s Reagent
15.5 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
15.6 Oppenauer Oxidation
15.7 Oxidation of Aldehydes And Ketones With $S{O_2}$
16.1 Addition of Hydride Ion
16.2 Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction
16.3 The Wolf Kishner Reduction
16.4 Mechanism for Wolff-Kishner
16.5 Clemmensen Reduction
17.0 Other Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones 16.2 Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction
16.3 The Wolf Kishner Reduction
16.4 Mechanism for Wolff-Kishner
16.5 Clemmensen Reduction
17.1 Wittig Reaction
17.2 Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement
17.3 Benzoin Condensation
17.4 Schimdt Reaction
17.5 Benzilic acid Rearrangement
17.6 The Beckmann Rearrangement
17.7 Reaction of Formaldehyde with Ammonia
17.2 Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement
17.3 Benzoin Condensation
17.4 Schimdt Reaction
17.5 Benzilic acid Rearrangement
17.6 The Beckmann Rearrangement
17.7 Reaction of Formaldehyde with Ammonia
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
1.0 Nomenclature2.0 General Methods of Preparation
3.0 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid
4.0 Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acid
5.0 Ortho Effect
6.0 Reaction Involving Cleavage of —OH Group
6.1 Esterification
6.2 Formation of acid chloride
6.3 Formation of Acid Anhydride
6.4 Formation of Amides
7.0 Reaction Involving —COOH Group 6.2 Formation of acid chloride
6.3 Formation of Acid Anhydride
6.4 Formation of Amides
8.0 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction
9.0 Heating of Dicarboxylic Acids
10.0 Abnormal Behaviour of Formic Acid
11.0 Derivatives of Carboxylic Acid
12.0 Relative Reactivity of Acid Derivatives
13.0 Resonance Effect
14.0 Acyl Chloride RCOCl
15.0 Amides
16.0 Ester (RCOOR)
17.0 Acid Anhydrides
18.0 Method of Preparation
18.1 Acylation
18.2 Sodium salt of carboxylic acids also react with acyl chlorides to give
18.3 Cyclic anhydrides
18.4 Chemical Properties
18.2 Sodium salt of carboxylic acids also react with acyl chlorides to give
18.3 Cyclic anhydrides
18.4 Chemical Properties
Amines
1.0 Introduction2.0 Preparation of Amines
2.1 Nucleophilic substitution
2.2 Reduction of Nitro Compounds
2.3 Reduction of Nitriles
2.4 Reduction of Amides
3.0 Physical Properties 2.2 Reduction of Nitro Compounds
2.3 Reduction of Nitriles
2.4 Reduction of Amides
4.0 Basic Nature of Amines
5.0 Reactions of Amines
5.1 Reaction of ${1^ \circ }$ and ${2^ \circ }$ amines with aldehydes and ketones
5.2 Acylation Reaction
5.3 Carbylamine Reaction
5.4 Reaction with Nitrous Acid
5.5 Substitution Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts
5.6 Electrophilic substitution reaction of Aniline
5.2 Acylation Reaction
5.3 Carbylamine Reaction
5.4 Reaction with Nitrous Acid
5.5 Substitution Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts
5.6 Electrophilic substitution reaction of Aniline
Biomolecules
1.0 Carbohydrates2.0 Monosaccharides
3.0 Disaccharides
4.0 Polysaccharides
5.0 Amino Acids
6.0 Proteins
7.0 Classification of Vitamins
8.0 Nucleic acids
Polymers
1.0 Introduction2.0 Polymers and polymerization
3.0 Free-radical vinyl polymerization
4.0 Ionic Polymerization
5.0 Natural Rubber
6.0 Synthetic Rubber
7.0 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
8.0 Teflon or PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)
9.0 Nylon-66
Practical Organic Chemistry
1.0 Detection of Elements in Organic Compound1.1 Detection of carbon and Hydrogen
1.2 Detection of Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulphurl
1.3 Detection of Nitrogen
1.4 Soda lime test for nitrogen
1.5 Detection of Halogens
1.6 Layer test for bromine and iodine
1.7 Detection of Sulphur
1.8 Test of halogen present in the ionic form
1.9 Detection of sulphur present in the side chains
1.10 Detection of Oxygen
2.0 Summary of Solubilitiy Behaviour 1.2 Detection of Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulphurl
1.3 Detection of Nitrogen
1.4 Soda lime test for nitrogen
1.5 Detection of Halogens
1.6 Layer test for bromine and iodine
1.7 Detection of Sulphur
1.8 Test of halogen present in the ionic form
1.9 Detection of sulphur present in the side chains
1.10 Detection of Oxygen
2.1 Compounds soluble in both water and ether
2.2 Compounds soluble in water but insoluble in ether
2.3 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide
2.4 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
2.5 Water-insoluble hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds that do not contain N or S and are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid
2.6 Compounds, not containing N or S, insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid
2.7 Compounds that contain $N$ or $S$ which are not in groups 1-4
3.0 Detection of Functional Group 2.2 Compounds soluble in water but insoluble in ether
2.3 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide
2.4 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
2.5 Water-insoluble hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds that do not contain N or S and are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid
2.6 Compounds, not containing N or S, insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid
2.7 Compounds that contain $N$ or $S$ which are not in groups 1-4
3.1 Test for Alcoholic Hydroxyl Group
3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
3.3 Test of Aldehyde and Ketonic Groups
3.4 Test for Aldehydic Group
3.5 Test for Ketonic Group
3.6 Tests for Carboxylic Group
3.7 Test for Primary Amine Group
3.8 Test for Secondary Amino Group
3.9 Test for Nitro Group
4.0 Methods of Separation of Mono-functional Organic Compounds from Binary Mixtures 3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
3.3 Test of Aldehyde and Ketonic Groups
3.4 Test for Aldehydic Group
3.5 Test for Ketonic Group
3.6 Tests for Carboxylic Group
3.7 Test for Primary Amine Group
3.8 Test for Secondary Amino Group
3.9 Test for Nitro Group
5.0 Separation based on Differences in the volatilities of the component in aqueous solution
6.0 Determination of Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
7.0 Solved Example (Subjective)
Chemistry in Everyday Life
1.0 Chemicals In Medicine And Health Care2.0 Drugs And Medicines
2.1 Analgesics
2.2 Control of microbial diseases
2.3 Antibiotics
2.4 Broad spectrum antibiotics
2.5 Sulpha Drugs
2.6 Antihistamines
2.7 Antiseptics and Disinfectants
3.0 Dyes 2.2 Control of microbial diseases
2.3 Antibiotics
2.4 Broad spectrum antibiotics
2.5 Sulpha Drugs
2.6 Antihistamines
2.7 Antiseptics and Disinfectants
4.0 Cosmetics
5.0 New High Performance Materials
6.0 Ceramics
7.0 Chemicals In Food
8.0 Detergents
9.0 Rocket Propellants
10.0 Insect Sex Attractants (Pheromones)
