Structure of Atom
9.0 Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle
9.0 Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle
It states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously, the exact position and exact momentum (or velocity) of an electron.
$$\Delta x \times \Delta p \geqslant \frac{h}{{4\pi }}$$
$$\Delta x \times \Delta (mv) \geqslant \frac{h}{{4\pi }}$$
where $\Delta $x is the uncertainity in position and $\Delta $p is the uncertainity in momentum of the particle.
The effect of Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is significant only for motion of microscopic objects and is negligible for that of macroscopic objects.
Drawbacks of Bohr's Model
- The wave character of the electron is not considered in Bohr model.
- Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, not only ignores dual behaviour of matter but also contradicts Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
- It could not explain the ability of atoms to form molecules by chemical bonds.
- This model is also unable to explain the spectrum of atoms other than hydrogen.
- Bohr’s theory was also unable to explain the splitting of spectral lines in the presence of magnetic field (Zeeman effect) or an electric field (Stark effect).
