Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides
3.0 Nomenclature
3.0 Nomenclature
Common names of alkyl halides can be found by naming first the alkyl group, and then naming the halide. IUPAC names of alkyl halides are haloalkanes, i.e, the name of the halogen followed by the IUPAC name of the chain. The table below lists some examples of common names and IUPAC names.
| S.No | Compound | Common Name | IUPAC Name |
| 1. | $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2F$ | n-Butyl fluoride | 1-Chlorobutane |
| 2. | $(CH_3)_3CF$ | tert-Butyl fluoride | 2-Fluoro-2-methylpropane |
| 3. | $(CH_3)_3CCH_2Cl$ | neo-Pentyl chloride | 1-Chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane |
| 4. | $(CH_3)_2CHCH_2Cl$ | iso-Butyl chloride | 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane |
| 5. | $CH_3CH(I)CH_2CH_3$ | sec-Butyl iodide | 2-Iodobutane |
| 6. | $CHCl_3$ | Chloroform | Trichloromethane |
| 7. | $CF_3CHClBr$ | Halothane | 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane |
Example 1. Name the following compounds and identify whether they are allylic, alkyl or vinyllic.
(i) $(CH_3)_3CCH_2CH(Cl)CH_3$
(ii) $CH_3CH_2CHCHCH_2Cl$
(iii) $(CH_3)_2CHCH_2CHC(Cl)CH_2CH_3$
Solution:
(i) 2-Chloro-4,4-dimethylpentane 
Alkyl halide (secondary)
(ii) 1-Chloropent-2-ene 
Allylic halide (primary)
(iii) 3-Chloro-6-methylhept-3-ene 
Vinylic halide (secondary)
