4.2 Perfumes

2.1 Analgesics
2.2 Control of microbial diseases
2.3 Antibiotics
2.4 Broad spectrum antibiotics
2.5 Sulpha Drugs
2.6 Antihistamines
2.7 Antiseptics and Disinfectants

3.1 Conditions which a dye must satisfy
3.2 Classification of dyes

4.1 Creams
4.2 Perfumes
4.3 Talcum powder
4.4 Deodorants

7.1 Artificial sweeteners
7.2 Preservatives
7.3 Edible colours

8.1 Soap
8.2 Non-soapy detergent or synthetic detergents

9.1 Solid propellants
9.2 Liquid propellants
9.3 Hybrid propellants

Perfumes are the materials used to provide fragrance. Several requirements have to be fulfilled to make a good perfume and any material, which just gives good smell, may not be a perfume.

A perfume invariably consists of three ingredients: a vehicle, fixative and odour producing substance.

(a) Vehicle or solvent: The role of the solvent is to keep the odour producing substances in solution. Ethanol and water mixture is the most common vehicle used in perfumery.

(b) Fixative: The function of the fixative is to equalize the rate of evapouration of various odouriferous components of the perfume by suitably adjusting their volatility. Sandal wood oil finds use as fixative. Other substances used as fixative are benzoin, glyceryl diacetate and esters of cinnamyl alcohol.

Both natural and synethetic substances are used to impart odour to a perfume. For example: terpenoids like linalool which occur in essential oils are natural odour producing compounds while anisaldelhyde (p – methoxy benzal dehyde) is a synthetic odour producing compound.