Chemistry > Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > 4.0 Preparation of Alcohol
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
1.0 Alcohols
2.0 Classification of alcohols
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohol
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohols
4.0 Preparation of Alcohol
4.1 By hydrolysis of alkyl halide
4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.0 Grignard reagent
5.1 Reaction & Mechanism
5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.0 Chemical properties of alcohols
6.1 Acidic character
6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
7.0 Tests for Alchols
8.0 Ethers
9.0 Chemical Properties of Ethers
10.0 Aryl Ethers
11.0 Epoxides
12.0 Phenols
13.0 Preparation of Phenol
14.0 Physical Properties of Phenol
15.0 Chemical properties of phenols
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
Organolithium and organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents) are useful compounds for the preparation of all three types of alcohols
Example: $1^\circ, \ 2^\circ, \ 3^\circ$ alcohols.
(a). Primary alcohols can be prepared by treating the reagent with formaldehyde followed by hydrolysis.
(b). Primary alcohols higher than ethanol can be prepared by treating the reagent with epoxides (oxiranes).
(c). Secondary alcohols are prepared is from aldehyde other than formaldehyde or from an ester of formic acid with an excess of Grignard reagent. However, in the second method, the $2^\circ$ alcohol will always have identical alkyl groups i.e. $R_2CHOH$ and not $RCHOH—R'$.
(d). Tertiary alcohols are prepared from (i) ketones (ii) from esters of monocarboxylic acids other than formic acid with an excess of Grignard reagent. However, in the second method that $3^\circ$ alcohol can be prepared which have at least two identical groups.
