Chemistry > Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > 6.0 Chemical properties of alcohols
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
1.0 Alcohols
2.0 Classification of alcohols
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohol
3.0 Physical properties of the alcohols
4.0 Preparation of Alcohol
4.1 By hydrolysis of alkyl halide
4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.0 Grignard reagent
5.1 Reaction & Mechanism
5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.0 Chemical properties of alcohols
6.1 Acidic character
6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
7.0 Tests for Alchols
8.0 Ethers
9.0 Chemical Properties of Ethers
10.0 Aryl Ethers
11.0 Epoxides
12.0 Phenols
13.0 Preparation of Phenol
14.0 Physical Properties of Phenol
15.0 Chemical properties of phenols
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
4.2 Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes
4.3 Oxymercuration Demercuration
4.4 Hydroboration-oxidation
4.5 Hydroxylation of alkenes
4.6 From organometallic compounds
4.6 Reduction of Esters
5.2 Product of Grignard reagent
5.3 Planning a Grignard synthesis
5.4 Restriction of the use of Grignard reagents
6.2 Dehydration
6.3 Reaction with phosphorus trihalide or thionyl chloride
6.4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
6.5 Oxidation of Alchols
(a) Oxidation of primary alcohols
Primary alcohols can be oxidized by potassium permanganate. The reaction is usually carried out in basic aqueous solution from which MnO2 precipitates as the oxidation taken place. After the oxidation is complete filtration allows removal of the MnO2 and acidification of filtrate gives the carboxylic acids.
$R - C{H_2} - OH{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}KMn{O_4} \to $
(b) Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones
(c) With no hydrogen attached to carbonyl carbon, tertiary alcohols are not oxidized at all under alkaline conditions. If acid is present they are rapidly dehydrated to alkenes which are then oxidized. Tertiary alcohols are most difficult to oxidize among the three classes of alcohols.
Dehydrogenation of alcohol by copper at ${\bf{573}}{\text{ }}{\bf{K}}:$This reaction is also considered as oxidation. In this reaction primary alcohols give aldehyde and secondary give ketone. While tertiary alcohol undergo dehydration to form alkene.
