Isomerism
1.0 Isomerism
2.0 Structural Isomerism
2.1 Chain or Nuclear Isomerism
2.2 ${C_5}{H_{12}}$ stands for three chain isomers
2.3 Cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane are nuclear isomerism
2.4 Position Isomerism
2.5 Functional Isomerism
2.6 Metamerism
2.7 Ring Chain Isomerism
3.0 Tautomerism
3.1 Structural requirement for tautomrism
3.2 Cause of tautomerism
3.3 Keto-enol tautomerim
3.4 Percentage Composition of Tautomeric Mixture
3.5 Triad System containing Nitrogen
3.6 Mechanism of tautomerism
3.7 Stereoisomerism
3.8 Geometrical Isomerism
3.9 Reason of Occurrence of geometrical Isomerism
4.0 Geometrical isomerism in the compounds containing C=N
4.1 Geometrical isomerism in the compounds containing N=N
4.2 Geometrical Isomerism in Cyclic Compounds
4.3 Stability of cis, Trans (or) Geometrical isomers
4.4 Number of Geometrical isomers
4.5 E and Z nomenclature of geometrical isomers
5.0 Optical Isomerism
5.1 Optical Activity
5.2 Asymmetric carbon (or) Chiral Carbon
5.3 Optical isomerism in bromo chloro iodo methane
6.0 Optical isomerism in compounds having more than one chiral carbons
6.1 Elements of symmetry
6.2 Centre of Symmetry
6.3 Stereoisomerism in Tartaric Acid
6.4 Calculation of number of optical isomers
7.0 Optically active compounds having no asymmetric carbon
6.1 Elements of symmetry
2.2 ${C_5}{H_{12}}$ stands for three chain isomers
2.3 Cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane are nuclear isomerism
2.4 Position Isomerism
2.5 Functional Isomerism
2.6 Metamerism
2.7 Ring Chain Isomerism
3.2 Cause of tautomerism
3.3 Keto-enol tautomerim
3.4 Percentage Composition of Tautomeric Mixture
3.5 Triad System containing Nitrogen
3.6 Mechanism of tautomerism
3.7 Stereoisomerism
3.8 Geometrical Isomerism
3.9 Reason of Occurrence of geometrical Isomerism
4.2 Geometrical Isomerism in Cyclic Compounds
4.3 Stability of cis, Trans (or) Geometrical isomers
4.4 Number of Geometrical isomers
4.5 E and Z nomenclature of geometrical isomers
5.2 Asymmetric carbon (or) Chiral Carbon
5.3 Optical isomerism in bromo chloro iodo methane
6.2 Centre of Symmetry
6.3 Stereoisomerism in Tartaric Acid
6.4 Calculation of number of optical isomers
If a molecule have either.
(a) a plane of symmetry, and/or
(b) centre of symmetry, and/or
(c) n-fold alternating axis of symmetry.
If an object is super imposable on its mirror image; it cannot rotate PPL and hence optically in active. If an object can be cut exactly into two equal halves so that half of its become mirror image of other half, it has plane of symmetry.
(I) and (II) are mirror images, hence plane of symmetry is present in the molecule.
(I) and (II) are not mirror images, hance plane of symmetry is absent in the molecule.
