3.1 Test for Alcoholic Hydroxyl Group

1.1 Detection of carbon and Hydrogen
1.2 Detection of Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulphurl
1.3 Detection of Nitrogen
1.4 Soda lime test for nitrogen
1.5 Detection of Halogens
1.6 Layer test for bromine and iodine
1.7 Detection of Sulphur
1.8 Test of halogen present in the ionic form
1.9 Detection of sulphur present in the side chains
1.10 Detection of Oxygen

2.1 Compounds soluble in both water and ether
2.2 Compounds soluble in water but insoluble in ether
2.3 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide
2.4 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
2.5 Water-insoluble hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds that do not contain N or S and are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid
2.6 Compounds, not containing N or S, insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid
2.7 Compounds that contain $N$ or $S$ which are not in groups 1-4

3.1 Test for Alcoholic Hydroxyl Group
3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
3.3 Test of Aldehyde and Ketonic Groups
3.4 Test for Aldehydic Group
3.5 Test for Ketonic Group
3.6 Tests for Carboxylic Group
3.7 Test for Primary Amine Group
3.8 Test for Secondary Amino Group
3.9 Test for Nitro Group

1. Sodium Test: to 1 mL of aqueous (or alcoholic) solution of the compound add a few drops of ferric chloride solution. A violet, red, blue or green colouration indicates the presence of a phenolic group.

2. Ceric Ammonium Nitrate: to 1 mL of an aqueous hot solution of the compound, add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate. A green or brown precipitate indicates the presence of $–OH$ group.

3. Molybdate Test: Heat a little of the organic compound with 2 pellets of $KOH.$ Cool and add 1 mL of ether and 2-3 drops of $C{S_2}$. A yellow or precipitate will be obtained. Filter the solution and to the filtrate add 1 mL of ammonium molybdate solution and excess of dilute $HCl.$ A red or blue colouration indicates the presence of $–OH$ group.