Chemistry > Practical Organic Chemistry > 3.0 Detection of Functional Group
Practical Organic Chemistry
1.0 Detection of Elements in Organic Compound
1.1 Detection of carbon and Hydrogen
1.2 Detection of Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulphurl
1.3 Detection of Nitrogen
1.4 Soda lime test for nitrogen
1.5 Detection of Halogens
1.6 Layer test for bromine and iodine
1.7 Detection of Sulphur
1.8 Test of halogen present in the ionic form
1.9 Detection of sulphur present in the side chains
1.10 Detection of Oxygen
2.0 Summary of Solubilitiy Behaviour
2.1 Compounds soluble in both water and ether
2.2 Compounds soluble in water but insoluble in ether
2.3 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide
2.4 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
2.5 Water-insoluble hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds that do not contain N or S and are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid
2.6 Compounds, not containing N or S, insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid
2.7 Compounds that contain $N$ or $S$ which are not in groups 1-4
3.0 Detection of Functional Group
3.1 Test for Alcoholic Hydroxyl Group
3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
3.3 Test of Aldehyde and Ketonic Groups
3.4 Test for Aldehydic Group
3.5 Test for Ketonic Group
3.6 Tests for Carboxylic Group
3.7 Test for Primary Amine Group
3.8 Test for Secondary Amino Group
3.9 Test for Nitro Group
4.0 Methods of Separation of Mono-functional Organic Compounds from Binary Mixtures
5.0 Separation based on Differences in the volatilities of the component in aqueous solution
6.0 Determination of Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
7.0 Solved Example (Subjective)
3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
1.2 Detection of Nitrogen, Halogens and Sulphurl
1.3 Detection of Nitrogen
1.4 Soda lime test for nitrogen
1.5 Detection of Halogens
1.6 Layer test for bromine and iodine
1.7 Detection of Sulphur
1.8 Test of halogen present in the ionic form
1.9 Detection of sulphur present in the side chains
1.10 Detection of Oxygen
2.2 Compounds soluble in water but insoluble in ether
2.3 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide
2.4 Compounds insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
2.5 Water-insoluble hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds that do not contain N or S and are soluble in cold concentrated sulphuric acid
2.6 Compounds, not containing N or S, insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid
2.7 Compounds that contain $N$ or $S$ which are not in groups 1-4
3.2 Test Phenolic Hydroxyl Group
3.3 Test of Aldehyde and Ketonic Groups
3.4 Test for Aldehydic Group
3.5 Test for Ketonic Group
3.6 Tests for Carboxylic Group
3.7 Test for Primary Amine Group
3.8 Test for Secondary Amino Group
3.9 Test for Nitro Group
1. Ferric Chloride Test: To 1 mL of aqueous (or alcoholic) solution of the compound add a few drops of ferric chloride solution. A violet, red, blue or green colouration indicates the presence of the phenolic group.
2. Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Test: To 1 mL of an aqueous hot solution of the compound, add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate. A green or brown precipitate indicates the presence of the phenolic group.
3. Phthalein Test: Heat about 0.1g of the compound with 0.1g phthalic anhydride and few drops of concentrated ${H_2}S{O_4}.$. Cool, pour the solution in dilute $KOH$ solution. A red, blue or fluorescent green colouration indicates the presence of the phenolic group.
