1.1 Detection of carbon and Hydrogen

  Practical Organic Chemistry

    1.0 Detection of Elements in Organic Compound
    2.0 Summary of Solubilitiy Behaviour
    3.0 Detection of Functional Group
    4.0 Methods of Separation of Mono-functional Organic Compounds from Binary Mixtures
    5.0 Separation based on Differences in the volatilities of the component in aqueous solution
    6.0 Determination of Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
    7.0 Solved Example (Subjective)

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1.1 Detection of carbon and HydrogenThe compound is mixed with dry cupric oxide $(CuO)$ and strongly heated. $C$ and H present in the compound gets oxidized to $C{O_2}$ and ${H_2}O$ respectively. $C{O_2}$ turns lime water milky which dissolves in excess to form $Ca{\left( {HC{O_3}} \right)_2},$ whereas water vapours turn anhydrous $CuS{O_4}$ to blue. \[C\; + \;2CuO\;\xrightarrow{\Delta }\;C{O_2}\; + \;2Cu\] \[C{O_2}\; + \;Ca{(OH)_2}\xrightarrow{{}}\mathop {CaC{O_3}}\limits_{(White)} \downarrow \; + \;{H_2}O\] \[CaC{O_3} + \;{H_2}O\; + \;C{O_2}\xrightarrow{{}}\;\mathop {Ca{{(HC{O_3})}_2}}\limits_{(So\operatorname{lub} le)} \] \[{H_2} + CuO\;\xrightarrow{\Delta }\;{H_2}O\; + \;Cu\] \[\mathop {CuS{O_4}}\limits_{(White)} + 7{H_2}O\;\xrightarrow{{}}\;\mathop {CuS{O_4} + 7{H_2}O}\limits_{(Blue\;vitriol)} \]