Chemistry > d and f Block Elements > 7.0 Lanthanoid Series
d and f Block Elements
1.0 General Introduction and Electronic Configuration
2.0 Occurrence and General Characteristics of Transition Elements
3.0 General Trends in properties of First Row Elements
3.1 Ionisation Enthalpy
3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
4.0 Potassium dichromate
5.0 Potassium permanganate
5.1 Properties of potassium permanganate
5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
6.0 F-Block Elements - Introduction
7.0 Lanthanoid Series
7.1 Position of Lanthanoid Series
7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
8.0 Lanthanoid Contraction and its consequence
9.0 Actinoids Series
9.1 Position of Actinoids in periodic table
9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
10.0 Comparison between lanthanoids and actinoids
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
1. Earlier members of Lanthanides series are very reactive and behave like calcium where as higher as aluminum.
- Formation of Carbides: They on reacting with C at ${2500^0}C$ form carbides having formula $L{u_3}C$, $Lu{C_2}$ and $L{u_2}{C_3}$. \[Ln + C\xrightarrow{{{{2500}^0}C}}Lanthanoid{\text{ carbide}}\]
- Formation of hydrides: Lanthanoids on heating with hydrogen form hydrides. \[{\text{4Ln + 3}}{{\text{H}}_2}\xrightarrow{\Delta }2Ln{H_3}\]
- Formation of oxides: Lanthanoids burn with oxygen and form oxides \[2Ln + 2{O_2}\xrightarrow{\Delta }2L{n_2}{O_3}\]
2. Lanthanoids oxides on reacting with water form insoluble hydroxides. $$L{n_2}{O_3} + 3{H_2}O \to 2Lu{(OH)_3}$$
3. Lanthanoid oxides on reacting with produce carbonates.$$L{n_2}{O_3} + C{O_2} \to Ln{(C{O_3})_3}$$
4. Reaction with Nitrogen: Nitrides are obtained by heating ${N_2}$ \[2Ln + {N_2}\xrightarrow{\Delta }2LnN\]
5. Reaction with mineral acids: Lanthanoids on reacting with mineral acid evolve ${H_2}$ gas. $$2Ln + 6HCl \to 2LnC{l_3} + 3{H_2} \uparrow $$
6. Reaction with water: On reacting with ${H_2}O$ form hydroxides and liberate the gas. Hydroxides are ionic and basic in nature. $$Ln + 3{H_2}O \to 2Ln{(OH)_3} + 3{H_2}$$
7. Reaction with Sulphur: On heating with $S$ form Sulphides. $$2Ln + 3S \to L{n_2}{S_3}$$
