Chemistry > d and f Block Elements > 3.0 General Trends in properties of First Row Elements
d and f Block Elements
1.0 General Introduction and Electronic Configuration
2.0 Occurrence and General Characteristics of Transition Elements
3.0 General Trends in properties of First Row Elements
3.1 Ionisation Enthalpy
3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
4.0 Potassium dichromate
5.0 Potassium permanganate
5.1 Properties of potassium permanganate
5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
6.0 F-Block Elements - Introduction
7.0 Lanthanoid Series
7.1 Position of Lanthanoid Series
7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
8.0 Lanthanoid Contraction and its consequence
9.0 Actinoids Series
9.1 Position of Actinoids in periodic table
9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
10.0 Comparison between lanthanoids and actinoids
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.2 Oxidation State
3.3 Atomic and Ionic Radii
3.4 Colour
3.5 Catalytic properties
3.6 Magnetic Properties
3.7 Formation of Interstitial Compounds
3.8 Alloy Formation
5.2 Structure of manganate ion and permanganate ion
5.3 Disproportion of an oxidation state
5.4 Uses
7.2 Electronic configuration of lanthanoids
7.3 Oxidation States
7.4 Chemical Reactivity of Lanthanides
9.2 Electronic Configuration of actinoids
9.3 Oxidation states of actinoids
- Most of the transition metals and their complexes are used as catalyst.
- Due to variable oxidation state in transition elements they are able to form unstable intermediates in reactions and acts as catalyst.
- Catalyst catalyse the reactions either by changing the path of reaction or by decreasing the energy of activation and also by increasing the surface area for reaction between reactants.
- Fe, Co, Pt, Cr, Mn are used as catalyst.
- Examples:-
i) $Mn{O_2}$ is used as catalyst in decomposition of $KC{l_3}$ to ${O_2}$.
ii) $Ni$ is used as catalyst in the hydrogenation of oils and fats.
iii) ${V_2}{O_5}$ acts as a catalyst in manufacture of ${H_2}S{O_4}$ by contact process.
iv) Reaction between iodide and persulphate ion is catalysed by $Fe(III){\text{ 2}}{{\text{I}}^ - }{\text{ + }}{{\text{S}}_2}{O_8}^{ - 2}{I_2}{\text{ + 2S}}{{\text{O}}_4}^{ - 2}$.
v) Formation pf high density polyethene(HDPE) is catalysed by $Fe$ or $Mn$.
vi) Manufacturing $N{H_3}$ is catalysed by $Fe$ or $Mn$.
vii) Synthesis of gasoline by Fisher opsca process is catalysed by $CO-Th$ alloy.
- Catalyic property of these metal ions is due to variable oxidation states which easily absorb and re-emit energy and activate the reaction.
- The reaction between iodide ion and persulphate ion is catalysed by $F{e^{ + 3}}$ and explained as $$2F{e^{ + 3}}{\text{ + 2}}{{\text{I}}^ - } \to 2F{e^{ + 2}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{I}}_2}$$$$2F{e^{ - 2}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{S}}_2}{O_8}^{ - 2} \to 2F{e^{ + 3}}{\text{ + 2S}}{{\text{O}}_4}^{ - 2}$$
