Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives > 15.0 Amides
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
1.0 Nomenclature
2.0 General Methods of Preparation
3.0 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid
4.0 Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acid
5.0 Ortho Effect
6.0 Reaction Involving Cleavage of —OH Group
6.1 Esterification
6.2 Formation of acid chloride
6.3 Formation of Acid Anhydride
6.4 Formation of Amides
7.0 Reaction Involving —COOH Group
8.0 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction
9.0 Heating of Dicarboxylic Acids
10.0 Abnormal Behaviour of Formic Acid
11.0 Derivatives of Carboxylic Acid
12.0 Relative Reactivity of Acid Derivatives
13.0 Resonance Effect
14.0 Acyl Chloride RCOCl
15.0 Amides
16.0 Ester (RCOOR)
17.0 Acid Anhydrides
18.0 Method of Preparation
18.1 Acylation
18.2 Sodium salt of carboxylic acids also react with acyl chlorides to give
18.3 Cyclic anhydrides
18.4 Chemical Properties
15.2 Chemical Properties
6.2 Formation of acid chloride
6.3 Formation of Acid Anhydride
6.4 Formation of Amides
18.2 Sodium salt of carboxylic acids also react with acyl chlorides to give
18.3 Cyclic anhydrides
18.4 Chemical Properties
1. Amphoteric character: Amides are very feeble bases due to involvement of pair of electron present on $N$ atom in resonance with carboxyl groups. As a result $N$ atom receives partial $+ve$ charges showing feeble acidic character as well
(i) Acidic character: Due to structure II amide can act as acid.
(ii) Basic Character: Due to structure I having lone pair of electrons on $N$ atom it acts as base
2. Reaction with nitrous acid
The reaction proceeds via the attack of electrophilic species $N{O^ + }$ generated from $HN{O_3}$
3. Hoffmann’s Bromide Reaction: Amides react with bromine in the presence of alkali to form a primary amine having one carbon atom less than the parent amides
Mechanism:
|
(i)
|
(ii)
4. Reaction with $PC{l_5}$ or $PC{l_3}$ or $SOC{l_2}$
5. Reduction
Mechanism
