Chemistry > General Organic Chemistry > 6.0 Nomenclature of compounds with functional groups named as suffixes
General Organic Chemistry
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Classification of organic compounds
3.0 Homologous series
4.0 Nomenclature of hydrocarbons
4.1 The alkanes $(C_nH_{2n+2})$
4.2 The alkenes $(C_nH_{2n})$
4.3 The alkynes $(C_nH_{2n-2})$
4.4 Combined alkenes and alkynes
4.5 Cyclic hydrocarbons
5.0 Nomenclature of compounds containing halogens and nitro groups
6.0 Nomenclature of compounds with functional groups named as suffixes
6.1 Ethers and thioethers
6.2 Alcohols & thiols
6.3 Acids, salts of acids and acid anhydrides
6.4 Esters
6.5 Acid halides
6.6 Amides
6.7 Nitriles
6.8 Aldehydes
6.9 Ketones
6.10 Amines and ammonium salts
7.0 Nomenclature of aromatic compounds
7.1 Halogen and nitro-substituted aromatics
7.2 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
7.3 Phenols and thiophenols
7.4 Aldehydes & Ketones
7.5 Sulfonic acids and sulfonic acid derivatives
7.6 Aromatic amines
7.7 Diazonium ions $\left( {ArN_2^ + } \right)$
8.0 Radicofunctional naming
9.0 Organic reactions
9.1 Substitution or displacement reactions
9.2 Addition reaction
9.3 Elimination reaction
9.4 Rearrangement reactions
10.0 Electrophiles
11.0 Nucleophiles
12.0 Breaking and forming of bonds
13.0 Reaction intermediates
13.1 Carbocations
13.2 Carbanions
13.3 Carbon radical
13.4 Carbenes
13.5 Nitrenes
13.6 Arenium ions
13.7 Benzynes
14.0 Electron displacement effects
15.0 Inductive effects
16.0 Hyperconjugation
17.0 Resonance
18.0 Mesomeric effect
19.0 Electromeric effect
20.0 Inductomeric effect
21.0 Steric inhibition of resonance
22.0 Ortho effect
6.10 Amines and ammonium salts
4.2 The alkenes $(C_nH_{2n})$
4.3 The alkynes $(C_nH_{2n-2})$
4.4 Combined alkenes and alkynes
4.5 Cyclic hydrocarbons
6.2 Alcohols & thiols
6.3 Acids, salts of acids and acid anhydrides
6.4 Esters
6.5 Acid halides
6.6 Amides
6.7 Nitriles
6.8 Aldehydes
6.9 Ketones
6.10 Amines and ammonium salts
7.2 Carboxylic acids and derivatives
7.3 Phenols and thiophenols
7.4 Aldehydes & Ketones
7.5 Sulfonic acids and sulfonic acid derivatives
7.6 Aromatic amines
7.7 Diazonium ions $\left( {ArN_2^ + } \right)$
9.2 Addition reaction
9.3 Elimination reaction
9.4 Rearrangement reactions
13.2 Carbanions
13.3 Carbon radical
13.4 Carbenes
13.5 Nitrenes
13.6 Arenium ions
13.7 Benzynes
The systematic method of naming amines, whereby "-amine" is added to the principal chain name is, in practice, only rarely used as an older method is in common (I.P.U.A.C. accepted) use.
Amines are named as derivatives of ammonia. The longest chain attached to the nitrogen atom is named in the usual way for an alkyl group (the carbon attached to the nitrogen is carbon 1).
Any other N-substituents are named as N-alkyl, or N,N-dialkyl substituents. The alkyl name for the longest stem is then added to the suffix "amine".
Example:
The following examples show this common naming in practice (together with the formal, systematic names in paraenthesis).
| methylamine (methanamine) |
| dimethylamine (N-methylmethanamine) |
| dimethylamine (N,N-dimethylmethanamine) |
| N-ethyl-N- methylpentylamine (N-ethyl-N- methyl-pentanamine) |
| 1-ethyl-N-methylbutylamine (N-methyl-3-hexanamine) |
Imines are best named systematically.
Example:
| ethanimine |
| N-ethyl-1-butanimine |
Ammonium salts: are named as alkyl derivatives of inorganic ammonium salts.
Note: The N-system is not used and the four alkyl groups attached to N are listed alphabetically.
Examples:
| tetramethylammonium iodide |
| diethylhexylmethylammonium chloride |
